1370-1507: Timurids

Timurid Princes

Amir Temür

1336 - 1405

ʿUmar Shaykh

1354 - 1394

Jahangir

1356 - 1376

Miranshah

1367 - 1408

Shahrukh

1377 - 1447

Pir Muhammad

1379 - 1409

Rustam

1381 - 1424

Aba-Bakr

1382 - 1409

Umar

1383 - 1407

Iskandar (Sultan)

1384 - 1415

Khalil

1384 - 1411

Ahmad

1385 - 1425

Sayyid- Ahmad

1390 - 1412

Muhammad Bayqara

1393 - 1423

Ejil

1394 - 1415

Taraghay Ulughbeg

1394 - 1449

Ibrahim

1394 - 1435

Baysunghur

1397 - 1433

(ʿUmar Shaykh b. Pir Muhammad)

1398 - 1429

Soyurghatmish

1399 - 1426

The Rulers in Samarkand

Timurid Empire

1370 - 1507

(137 years)

Tīmur-i Lang (Tamerlane) b. Taraghay Barlas

1370 - 1405

Life: 9 April 1336– 18 February 1405 (aged 68). (Wiki)
Born in Syr valley (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Aral_Sea_watershed.png/1920px-Aral_Sea_watershed.png)

Tīmūr put an end to the Kart dynasty

1381

Timur defeats the Golden Horde

1395

Pīr Muḥammad bin Jahāngīr b. Tīmūr, in Kandahar

1405 - 1407

Khalīl Sulṭan b. Mīrān Shāh b. Tīmūr, in Samarkand (d. 814/1411)

1405 - 1409

Shāhrukh b. Tīmūr, in Khurasan only

1405 - 1409

Born 20 August 1377, Samarkand, Timurid Empire
Died 13 March 1447 (aged 69), Rayy, Timurid Empire

Shāhrukh, in Transoxania, eastern and central Persian and then western Persian

1409 - 1447

Wiki: 13 March 1447

Ulugh Beg b. Shāhrukh, in Transoxania

1447 - 1449

Born: 22 March 1394 (Sultaniyeh, Timurid Empire, now Zanjan Province, Iran)
Died: 27 October 1449 (aged 55), Samarkand, Timurid Empire, now Samarqand Region, Uzbekistan

ʿAbd al-Laṭīf b. Ulugh Beg, in Transoxania

1449 - 1450

ʿAbdallāh b. Ibrāhīm b. Shāh Rukh, in Transoxania

1450 - 1451

Abū Saʿīd b. Muḥammad b. Mīrān Shāh

1451 - 1469

in Transoxania, eastern, central and western Persia as far as ʿIrāq-i ʿAjām

Sulṭān Aḥmad b. Abī Saʿīd, in Transoxania

1469 - 1494

Maḥmūd b. Abī Saʿīd, in Transoxania

1494 - 1495

ʿAlī b. Maḥmūd (in Transoxania)

1495 - 1500

in Transoxania

* Baysonqur b. Maḥmūd (in Transoxania)

1495 - 1500

in Transoxania

* Masʿūd b. Maḥmūd (in Transoxania)

1495 - 1500

in Transoxania

Uzbek conquest of Transoxania and Farghāna

1500

906 hijri

The rulers in Khurasan after Ulugh Beg's death

* Bābur b. Baysonqur, Abu al-Qāsim

1447 - 1457

Ibrāhīm b. ʿAlāʾ al-Dawla b. Baysonqur

1457 - 1459

Shāh Maḥmūd b. Bābur

1457

Abū Saʿīd b. Muḥammad b. Mīrān Shāh

1459 - 1469

Ḥusayn b. Manṣūr b. Bayqara b. ʿUmar Shaykh b. Tīmūr (1st reign)

1469 - 1479

Ḥusayn b. Manṣūr b. Bayqara (2nd reign)

1470 - 1506

* Badīʿ al-Zamān b. Ḥusayn, d. 923/1517 (co-ruler with Muẓaffar Ḥusayn b. Ḥusayn)

1506 - 1507

* Muẓaffar Ḥusayn b. Ḥusayn (co-ruler with Badīʿ al-Zamān)

1506 - 1507

Uzbek conquest of Herat

1507

Yādgār Muḥammad b. Sulṭān Muḥammad b. Baysonqur, protégé of the Qa Qoyunlu Uzun Ḥasan in Herat, k. 875/1470

1470

The rulers in western Persia and Iraq after Tīmūr

Mīrān Shāh b. Tīmūr, Jalāl al-Dīn, governor of ʿIraq-i ʿAjam and Azerbaijan

1393 - 1404

Mīrān Shāh b. Tīmūr, Jalāl al-Dīn, governor of ʿIrāq-i ʿArab, k. 810/1408

1404 - 1408

Pīr Muḥammad b. ʿUmar Shaykh b. Tīmūr, in Fars

1404 - 1409

Rustam b. ʿUmar Shaykh, in Southern ʿIrāq-i ʿAjam

1404 - 1409

Bayqara b. ʿUmar Shaykh, in Fars

1409

Khalīl Sulṭān b. Mīrān Shāh, in Rayy, d. 814/1411

1409

Iskandar b. ʿUmar Shaykh, in Fars and then ʿIrāq-i ʿAjam

1412 - 1414

Shāhrukh b. Tīmūr, uniting western and central Persia with his Transoxanian and Khurasanian territories

1414 - 1447

Conquests and Wars

Tīmūr put an end to the Kart dynasty

1381

Tīmūr conquered Sistān

1385

The most ferocious conquest of Tīmūr

Timur's invasions of the Christian kingdom of Georgia

1386 - 1403

almost all Iranian highlands had submitted

1387

By 1387, almost all the Iranian highlands had submitted, including the old ruling houses of the Caspian coast in Mazandaran, and the Muzaffarid rulers in Shiraz and the western Iranian provinces, as well as Ahmad Jalayir, heir to the Jalayir power in the Mesopotamian plains.

Massacre of Isfahan

1387

the head-count was approximately 70,000.

Timur defeats the Golden Horde and Toḳtamish

1395

Tīmūr set out for India

1398

many captives were Hindu → destroying infidels.
ex: one slaughtered 10/15 Hindu captives with his own hand in ʿīd festival.

Beyazid I is defeated at the Battle of Ankara and taken captive by Tamerlane.

1402 - 1403

1402–1403: Beyazid I is defeated at the Battle of Ankara and taken captive by Tamerlane. An interregnum period begins when the sons of Beyazid I compete for the Ottoman throne.

Tīmūr launched a campaign against China

1404

(Tīmūr dies during the campaign)

1405

Intellectual History

Al-Qalqashandi

1355 - 1418

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qalqashandi

al-Ṣuyūṭī

1445 - 1505

Born 3 October 1445 CE / 1 Rajab 849 AH, Cairo, Mamluk Sultanate
Died 18 October 1505 CE / 19 Jumadi Ula 911 AH

Transoxiana after Abu Sa'id' (from Wiki)

Abu Sa'id's sons divided Transoxiana upon his death, into Samarkand, Bukhara, Hissar, Balkh, Kabul and Farghana.

Sultan Ahmad Mirza (Samarkand, Bukhara, Hissar)

1469 - 1494

Sultan Mahmud Mirza (Balkh)

1469 - 1495

Ulugh Beg Mirza II (Kabul)

1469 - 1502

Umar Shaikh Mirza II (Farghana)

1469 - 1494

Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur (Farghana)

1494 - 1497

Khusrau Shah (Balkh)

1495 - 1504

Sultan Ali bin Mahmud Mirza (Bukhara)

1495 - 1500

Sultan Baysonqor Mirza bin Mahmud Mirza (Samarkand)

1495 - 1497

Sultan Masud Mirza bin Mahmud Mirza (Hissar)

1495 - 1500

Jahangir Mirza II (Farghana)

1497 - 1503

Uzbeks under Muhammad Shayabak Khan (Samarkand, Bukhara, Hissar)

1500 - 1501

Mukim Beg Arghun (Kabul)

1502 - 1504

Uzbeks under Muhammad Shayabak Khan (Samarkand, Bukhara, Hissar, Farghana, Balkh)

1503 - 1504

Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur (Balkh, Kabul)

1504

Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur (Kabul)

1504 - 1511

Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur (Samarkand, Bukhara, Hissar, Farghana, Balkh, Kabul)

1511 - 1512

Uzbeks under Ubaydullah Sultan (Samarkand, Bukhara, Hissar, Farghana, Balkh)

1512

Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur (Kabul)

1512 - 1530

establishment of Mughal Dynasty in India (under Babur)

1526

Khurasan/Herat/Fars/Iraq-e-Ajam

Ala al-Dawla Mirza (life)

1417 - 1460

Sultan Muhammad b. Baysonghur

1447 - 1451

Abul-Qasim Babur Mirza

1449 - 1457

Abul-Qasim Babur Mirza

1451 - 1457

Mirza Shah Mahmud

1457

Ibrahim Sultan

1457 - 1459

Sultan Husayn Bayqara (1st time)

1469

Yadgar Muhammad Mirza (6 weeks)

1470

Sultan Husayn Bayqara (2nd time)

1470 - 1506

Badi' al-Zaman Mirza

1506 - 1507

Muzaffar Husayn Mirza

1506 - 1507

Uzbeks under Muhammad Shayabak Khan Conquer Herat

1507