Prehistory Cultures

located in Fayum Depression
small farming villages

Merimba 4800 - 4400: simple
Maadi 3500: simple burials

Badari: elaborate burials (Merimba)
Nagda: floodplain ag, domesticated, growing pop, craft specilization

united under Narmer
created pyramids
highly centralized government
forced labor

shift to local power

shift of power to thebes
conqured nubia
spread of trade networks

Hyksos Invasion

Imperial dynasty
Valley of the Kings

Cemetary with differing levels of burial goods
some had lots of copper and gold some had none

Pontiac Steepe
cord marked pottery
single family dwellings
megalithic tombs
charriots and copper axes

occupied a large area of western europe
burial mounds with beakers
small individual family dwelings
stonehenge (2700 BC)

2500 Czech Republic: early part time specilization
2200 plows, increased clearing of forests
increasing pop and social complexity
1300 many social centers using bronze
role of oxen
secondary products becoming important (ex milk)
emerging warrior class

importance of trade
ability to increase ag production
continuing warfare
Halscatt (800-450)
towns spread across trade routes
increasing agricluture productivity
La Tene (450-0)
Primarily in Rhine and Danube river valleys
oppidum sites

sedentary farming villages
slash and burn ag
local elites
appearance of monumental architecture

Gulf coast of mexico
rich in substistence material
significant variation in house size
trade in exotic goods
mother culture
San Lorenzo (earliest site)
la Venta leading ceremonial center
Large heads

San Jose Mongole (huge)
egalitarian
religious and public structures
1150 increase in size dramatically
social differentiation indicated by house size
more elaborate trade
Monte Alban (500 bc)
irrigation ag
intensive craft specilization
large

1400 = early farming
650-300= emergence of the state
irrigation ag
competing regional centers
Culculico
burried by volcano in 150 bc
Teotlhuacan
classical period ad 150-750
extensive trade networks
apartment complexes
Aztecs

evidence of shared religious ideologies
trade network
ad 250-900 emergence of numerous small competing centers
Palenque and Tikal (man with no thing bones or skull)
ad 900 maya collapse and shift to northern Yucatan

reliance upon ocean resources

La Paloma (transition from hunter gather to sedentary society)
Rio Seco
monumental architecture
social differentiation through house size

inland villages
beginning of irrigation ag
public architecture
u shaped platform mounds
El Paraiso: ceremonial center
fine textiles

Chavin de Huantar (mother culture)
broad art style
llamas used for trade

Nazca: capital city cahuachi
Paracas: cemetary mummies

Tiwanaku in southern highlands
raised fields ag
highland area
llams
stone architecture
copper trade
Huari: located in highlands
terrace ag
monumental architecture
trade infastruture

1st unified political group
consolidation of several river valleys
large temple complexes

small competing kingdoms
elaborate irrigation systems
chan chan
chimu ad 1000

inca
superstate unifying highlands and lowlands
massive architecture
forced labor
cuzco
Macho Pichu

Mississippi floodplain
hunters and gathers
large earthworks and population
long-distance trade

growing trade in exotic goods
elaborate burials

ohio valley
hunting and gathering plus ag
burial mounds
trade
ceremonial elaboration

widespread trade networks
development of the hopewell interaction sphere
(widespread network of trade in midwest and southeast)

european contact
dependent on maize based ag and hunting and gathering
large fortified settlements and ceremonial centers
Cahokia and Ethowan