Chapter 23

Metternich was the infamous Austrian foreign minister that denounced nationalism and was historically conservative. He created the Holy Alliance and used his power to prevent revolutions.

The Holy Alliance was Austria, Russia and Prussia. They were a conservative coalition that strove to prevent the disruption of society and prevented revolutions in countries like Italy.

This was an attempt to help the British peasants by indirectly lowering the price of food, especially bread. However, the aristocracy was able to manipulate it to greatly benefit them.

This was laws passed by Metternich in the German Confederation that prevented any revolutionairy talk. It also created a spy system in Germany.

Greece gains independence from the turks. This was mainly associated to the recent rise of nationalism in Greece and the eventual military support from Great Britain.

He was the monarch of France during the revolution of 1830 and 1848. He had also agreed to accept the Constitutional Charter of 1814 to gain favor and support.

This was one of the more popular Romantic novels that emerged during this time. Victor Hugo was the artist and it reflects the new art movement of Romanticism.

This gave more power to the House of Commons and effectively eliminated "Rotten Borroughs". The redistributed the seats and the number of eligible voters increased.

Ireland's diet was so dependent of Potatoes that a bad harvest led to a massive famine. Poor harvests in 1845, 1846, 1848 and in 1851 led to horrible conditions in Ireland and a massive emigration to countries like America.

This was the outlining ideals of communism by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles. It didn't have as much influence currently due to the opposition to socialism but it would eventually become big.