Age of Revolution

Austria putting down uprisings in Sicily and Piedmont

100,000 French troops crush Spanish opposition to the monarchy

1829: finally gain independence from the Ottoman Empire

Nicholas I, new Russian tsar, crushes revolt by reform-minded army officers

Belgian patriots rise up against Dutch rulers, win independence, and establish a liberal government.

Charles X issues the July Ordinances
Rebellion by the bourgeoisie + students + workers
Charles X abdicates
Bourgeoisie put more easily manipulated Louis Philippe on the throne (the liberals wanted a republic, but ah well)

Austrian troops crush Italian revolutionaries inspired by the Polish uprising

Polish army officers + students + intellectuals rise up against Russia
They're crushed

Riots + strikes + demonstrations in Britain
Reform Bill of 1832: extends vote to most of the adult male middle class

Feb 1848 Louis Philippe bans banquets (reformers' public meetings)
Street demonstrations + revolution
Louis Philippe abdicates
Second Republic of France
June: radical uprising put down by the army
December: Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte sweeps elections