History (Edward VI - Elizabeth I)

Ruler

Edward VI

06/06/1547 - 06/06/1553

Somerset

06/06/1547 - 10/06/1549

Northumberland

10/06/1549 - 07/01/1553

Failure of Lady Jane Grey devise

06/06/1553 - 07/06/1553

Mary I

07/01/1553 - 11/17/1558

Philip and Mary marry

06/06/1554 - 07/06/1554

Elizabeth

11/17/1558 - 03/24/1603

Elizabeth almost dies of smallpox

06/08/1562 - 07/08/1562

Spain foreign policy

Philip becomes King of Spain

06/06/1556 - 07/06/1556

Philip "proposes" to Elizabeth

06/06/1559 - 07/06/1559

Didn't really mean anything serious, but still happened.

Hawkins began his expeditions

06/06/1562 - 07/06/1562

These irritated the Spanish immensely, as he stole their money and also started the English slave trade at the expense of their own business.

Hawkins trapped by Spanish

09/06/1568 - 10/06/1568

In port of San Juan de Ulua.

Seized Spanish treasure ships

11/06/1568 - 11/30/1568

Took the 400,000 florin loan that the Spanish had just taken out from the Genoese to pay their troops in the Netherlands.

Dutch rebels begin to divide

06/06/1572 - 07/06/1572

Sea Beggars expelled from ports > worse relations

06/06/1572 - 07/06/1572

Spain launch new offensive in Netherlands

06/06/1575 - 07/06/1575

Spanish fury

11/06/1576 - 12/06/1576

Spanish troops removed from Netherlands

06/06/1577 - 07/06/1577

Spain annex Portugal

06/06/1580 - 07/06/1580

Expulsion of Spanish Ambassador

06/06/1584 - 07/06/1584

Treaty of Joinville

06/06/1584 - 07/06/1584

Philip seizes English ships in Spanish ports; Drake attacks Spanish ports

03/06/1585 - 09/06/1585

Successful small scale naval attacks in Caribbean

06/06/1585 - 06/06/1587

Treaty of Nonsuch > more troops in Netherlands for England

06/06/1585 - 07/06/1585

Drake attacks Cadiz

04/06/1587 - 05/06/1587

Delays Armada

Armada defeated

06/06/1588 - 07/06/1588

Failed expidition to Portugal

06/06/1589 - 07/06/1589

Sporadic and mixed success profiteering by Drake, Hawkins, Raleigh and others

06/06/1589 - 06/06/1595

Although they did capture a treasure ship in 1594 and annoyed the Spanish a bit, their true success against the Spanish can be doubted and while some turned a profit others a loss; although the Queen did make money out of it for sure.

Drake's expidition and failed attack on Lisbon

06/06/1592 - 07/06/1592

Parma dies - Spanish were weak in Netherlands already

06/06/1592 - 07/06/1592

Spanish expelled from Northern Netherlands

06/06/1594 - 07/06/1594

Became independent state.

Capture of Cadiz

06/06/1596 - 07/06/1596

Short lived but a good victory.

Fleet sent to Spain to attack ships in Harbour, but was driven back by wind

06/06/1597 - 07/06/1597

To prevent a possible invasion, and the fleet actually almost got to Ireland, however it too was turned back by winds.

Private expedition by Cumberland to Puerto Rico

06/06/1598 - 07/06/1598

Took it but could not hold it.

France foreign policy

War with France

06/06/1555 - 06/06/1559

Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis

06/06/1559 - 07/06/1559

End of war with France

English forces help Huguenots in French religious wars

06/06/1562 - 06/06/1564

Treaty of Troyes

06/06/1564 - 07/06/1564

Unfavourable; loss of Calais.

Marriage relations with Duke of Anjou

06/06/1568 - 07/06/1568

Come to nothing

Treaty of Blois - better relations

06/06/1572 - 07/06/1572

Described by John Guy as a "defensive league" against Spain.

Marriage negotiations w/ next Duke of Anjou (previuosly Duke of Alencon)

06/06/1579 - 07/06/1579

(Elizabeth was just declared able to bear children)

Henry IV accedes to the throne, and immediately gets help from Elizabeth

06/06/1589 - 07/06/1589

3600 men, these sorted out the problems mostly

Henry needed help again

11/06/1590 - 12/06/1590

Elizabeth was fed up with having to help everyone.

Scotland foreign policy

War with Scotland

12/06/1543 - 03/06/1550

War continued from time of Henry VIII, although Somerset took a very active role and launched an invasion in 1547.

Financial support offered to Lords of the Congregation

06/06/1559 - 07/06/1559

Direct military support for LotC - Treaty of Berwick

02/27/1560 - 03/27/1560

Treaty of Edinburgh - French expelled from Scotland

06/06/1560 - 07/06/1560

Mary QoS returns to Scotland

06/06/1561 - 07/06/1561

Forced to as her husband, Francis II (King of France), died.

Mary QoS flees to England

06/06/1567 - 07/06/1567

English army in Scotland again

06/06/1570 - 07/06/1570

English army in Scotland again

06/06/1572 - 07/06/1572

Treaty of Berwick

06/06/1586 - 07/06/1586

Pledged friendship.

Irish foreign policy

Tyrone's rebellion

06/06/1595 - 03/06/1603

English forces defeated at Battle of Yellow Ford

08/06/1598 - 09/06/1598

3000 Spanish troops land in Ireland and save Tyrone's forces

09/06/1601 - 10/06/1601

English win at Battle of Kinsale

12/24/1601 - 12/25/1601

Parliament/General government

Enclosure commission established

06/06/1548 - 07/06/1548

Inflation pressures

06/06/1548 - 07/06/1548

Improvements to revenue system

06/06/1554 - 07/06/1554

Created by Northumberland and implemented by Mary

Parliament rejects bill to protect Philip from treason laws

06/06/1554 - 07/06/1554

Bad harvests and influenza epidemic

06/06/1555 - 06/06/1556

Stopped coronation of Philip

06/06/1555 - 07/06/1555

Also refused to exclude Elizabeth from succession.

New Book of Rates

06/06/1558 - 07/06/1558

First parliament

01/08/1559 - 05/08/1559

Religious settlement, opposed by conservative House of Lords

Second parliament

01/12/1563 - 04/10/1563

Issue of marriage was pressed openly

Third parliament

09/30/1566 - 01/02/1567

Marriage pressed more subtly and Elizabeth frustrated more religious reform that was supported by bishops and Cecil.

Fourth parliament

04/02/1571 - 06/29/1571

Laws against Catholics and a subsidy after 1569 rebellion.

Strickland banned from/by Commons for proposing prayer book reform

06/06/1571 - 07/06/1571

Fifth parliament

05/08/1572 - 06/30/1572

Execution of Norfolk and Mary called for following Ridolfi plot.

Burghley used parliament to attack Norfolk and Mary QoS

06/06/1572 - 07/06/1572

Secured execution of Norfolk but Elizabeth refused to attack Mary

Council in the North reinstated

06/06/1572 - 07/06/1572

Huntingdon put at the head of it. (he was very strong Puritan)

Peter Wentworth imprisoned

02/06/1576 - 03/06/1576

Sixth parliament

02/08/1576 - 03/15/1576

Granted taxation, petition for religious reform, Wentworth imprisoned.

Seventh parliament

02/16/1581 - 03/18/1581

Another subsidy and anti-Catholic laws.

Bond of Association drafted (read notes)

10/06/1584 - 11/06/1584

Created and introduced by the Council not in parliament, but a parliamentary bill was passed in order to give it statutory backing.

Eighth parliament

11/23/1584 - 03/29/1585

Acts against Jesuits and Missionary priests. Cecil tried and failed to legislate for the Queen's succession.

Failed attempt to establish colonies in America > Queen did back them though

06/06/1585 - 07/06/1585

Ninth parliament

10/29/1586 - 03/23/1587

Debated and secured Mary execution. Failed Presbyterian reform attempt. Leaders imprisoned.

Cope arrested and followers for discussing "Bill and Book" outside parliament

01/06/1587 - 02/06/1587

Peter Wentworth imprisoned

02/06/1587 - 03/06/1587

Tenth parliament

02/04/1589 - 03/29/1589

Subsidy to pay for war with Spain.

Peter Wentworth imprisoned

02/06/1593 - 03/06/1593

Eleventh parliament

02/19/1593 - 04/10/1593

Mostly about bill against Sectaries - some opposition.

Bad harvests

06/06/1594 - 06/06/1597

Including worst of the century in 1596

Plague

06/06/1597 - 06/06/1598

Twelth parliament

10/24/1597 - 02/09/1598

Controversy over monopolies and poor law.

Essex disgraced, charged in Court of Star Chamber and banned from Council

09/01/1599 - 10/01/1599

And kept under house arrest and removed from his other posts.

Thirteenth parliament

10/27/1601 - 12/19/1601

Monopolies again (sorted out) and the Golden Speech.

Laws/legislation

Restoration of heresy laws

01/06/1555 - 02/06/1555

Heresy Act passed; burnings begin

06/06/1555 - 07/06/1555

Act of Supremacy, Uniformity and Royal injunctions

06/06/1559 - 07/06/1559

Publishing/bringing in Papal Bulls made treasonable

06/06/1571 - 07/06/1571

Act against Catholic Priests

06/06/1581 - 07/06/1581

The Act to Retain her Queen's Majesty's Subjects in their Due Obedience - made it treasonable to to convert people away from CoE, and performing the functions of a Priest (saying mass etc) got you imprisoned and fined.

Act against Jesuits and Seminary Priests

06/06/1585 - 07/06/1585

Treasonable to be a Catholic Priest.

Laws against recusants strengthened

06/06/1587 - 07/06/1587

Act against Seditious Sectaries

02/15/1593 - 03/15/1593

Poor relief 1

01/01/1598 - 02/01/1598

Poor relief 2

06/07/1601 - 07/06/1601

Religion

Iconoclasm, royal injunctions and dissolution of chantries

06/06/1547 - 07/06/1547

Attacks on Catholicism during the time of Somerset, who was a cautious but sometimes radical protestant.

Act of Uniformity

06/06/1549 - 07/06/1549

Moderate prayer book of 1549

06/06/1549 - 07/06/1549

Moderate and written by Cranmer

More radical prayer book

06/06/1552 - 07/06/1552

Second Act of Uniformity

06/06/1552 - 07/06/1552

42 articles of religion compiled

06/06/1553 - 07/06/1553

Deprivation of married clergy

08/06/1553 - 09/06/1553

Jewel's apology

06/06/1562 - 07/06/1562

39 Articles of religion

06/06/1563 - 07/06/1563

After Convocation of 1563, no legal force until 1571.

The Advertisements for clerical uniformity

03/06/1566 - 04/06/1566

Preaching licenses now required subscription to 39 articles and new prayer book

06/06/1571 - 07/06/1571

Some clergy were deprived as they refused to accept the prayer book and the surplice. This also led some clergy to resent bishops and to question the spiritual basis for their office.

Whitgift's Lambeth Articles

08/06/1583 - 09/06/1583

for uniformity and conformity in the church

Archbishop

Cranmer

03/06/1533 - 11/06/1555

Pole

03/06/1556 - 11/06/1558

Parker

11/07/1558 - 06/12/1575

Grindal

07/12/1575 - 06/06/1583

Whitgift

07/06/1583 - 06/06/1603

Rebellions

Kett's rebellion 1549

06/06/1549 - 07/06/1549

Western rebellion 1549

06/06/1549 - 07/06/1549

Wyatt's rebellion

06/06/1554 - 07/06/1554

Northern rebellion

06/06/1569 - 02/02/1570

Ridolfi Plot

06/06/1571 - 07/06/1571

Throckmorton Plot

06/06/1583 - 07/06/1583

Parry Plot

06/06/1585 - 07/06/1585

Babington Plot

10/06/1586 - 11/06/1586

Essex rebellion

02/08/1601 - 03/08/1601

Catholicism

Pole as Papal Legate

06/06/1553 - 06/06/1557

Repeal of Edward's laws and restoration of Catholic services

10/06/1553 - 11/06/1553

Burnings begin

02/06/1555 - 03/06/1555

New Pope - Pro-French anti-Spain

06/06/1555 - 07/06/1555

Bad for Mary as she was basically at war with the Pope due to marriage with Philip.

College at Douai founded

06/06/1568 - 07/06/1568

Papal Bull of Excommunication

06/06/1570 - 07/06/1570

100 Priests had arrived from Douai

06/06/1580 - 07/06/1580

Jesuit mission starts in England

06/06/1580 - 07/06/1580

Philip makes alliance with Catholic League

06/12/1584 - 07/12/1584

Threatening international Catholic superpower.

Archpriest controversy

06/06/1598 - 07/06/1598

Puritanism/Presbyterianism

Admonitions to parliament

06/06/1572 - 07/06/01572

Attempt to introduce Genevan prayer book + calvinist strucure to parliament

06/06/1584 - 07/06/1584

First attempt of Cope's "Bill and Book".

Cope's "Bill and Book" rejected in parliament again

06/06/1587 - 07/06/1587

Called for Presbyterian reforms. Showed futility of parliamentary approaches for Presbyterians.

Marprelate Tracts published

06/06/1588 - 06/06/1589

Deaths/Appointments

Execution of Sir Thomas Seymour

06/06/1549 - 07/06/1549

Execution of Somerset

06/06/1549 - 07/06/1549

Execution of Cranmer

06/06/1556 - 07/06/1556

Death of Henry II, accession of Francis II

06/06/1559 - 07/06/1559

Death of Francis II, accession of Charles IX

06/06/1560 - 07/06/1560

Amy Dudley "died"

06/06/1561 - 07/06/1561

Removed Leicester's chances of getting with the Queen.

Massacre of Protestants in France sparks war

06/06/1562 - 07/06/1562

Done by Duke of Guise, prompted English aid.

James I born

06/06/1566 - 07/06/1566

Earl of Moray assassinated

06/06/1570 - 07/06/1570

Protestant regent of Scotland - caused civil war

Cecil made into Burghley + made Lord Treasurer

06/06/1571 - 07/06/1571

Norfolk executed for complicity in Ridolfi plot

06/06/1572 - 07/06/1572

Northumberland executed

06/06/1572 - 07/06/1572

Walsingham made Secretary

06/06/1573 - 07/06/1573

Execution of Edmund Campion

04/01/1581 - 05/01/1581

William of Orange assassinated

06/06/1584 - 07/06/1584

Weakened rebel movement

Execution of Mary QoS

02/03/1587 - 03/03/1587

Leicester dies

09/06/1588 - 10/06/1588

Elizabeth took personally.

Death of John Field

06/06/1589 - 07/06/1589

Severely weakened Presbyterian movement.

Mildmay dies

06/06/1589 - 07/06/1589

Chancellor of the Exchequer

Walsingham, Warwick and Shrewsbury die

01/01/1590 - 12/31/1590

Robert Cecil apponted to Privy Council

08/06/1591 - 09/06/1591

John Bost and George Swalwell executed

06/06/1594 - 07/06/1594

Earl of Huntingdon dies

06/06/1596 - 07/06/1596

Death of Burghley

06/06/1598 - 07/06/1598

Essex executed

06/06/1601 - 07/06/1601