History of Food Service

May great chefs left France for America, they opened their own restaurants, serving the middle class.

Thomas Jefferson: Experimented with 250 varieties of fruits, vegetables, and herbs. Made boring Colonial cooking more sophisticated. Made his own past, had much knowledge about wines and coffees. Some credit him with creating French Fries.

Thomas Moore, a Mayland farmer, patented the first "ice" box.

Robert Fulton designed & built the Claremont. It traveled the 150 miles from NYC to Albany in 32 hours. It allowed the transportation of fresh farm crops from the central plain states to NYC.

Nicholas Appert invented canning in vaccum-packed, seeled glass containers.

E.Hoyt patented a wood cooking stove. Cooking stoves did not become common in households until after the Civil War.

Thomas Kensett patented the tin can.

Still open today.

Railroads enabled farmers to transport fresher & better quality grains, produce, and meats to more people. Transportation of perishable goods faster.

Reverend Sylvester Graham preached about eating healthier and developed the graham cracker.

Opened by John & Peter Delmonico. (Delmonico's). The first to offer a wine menu, allow women to eat int he dining room alone, offer a hamburger on the menu, hire women, distinguish between waiter & busboy duties.

Kept food from spoiling & becoming unsafe to eat. Allowed Americans to eat healthier by reducing salt cured & canned foods. Didn't come into American homes until 1930 (electricity)

Georges Auguste Escoffier became one of the greatest masters of French cuisine.

Influential in the Food Processing Industry. People needed food that wouldn't spoil during the long trip to California. Cooking became easier with the use of canned foods.

George Hartford & George Gilman opened up The Great Alatic and Pacific Tea Company in NYC.

Mass production of processed foods & new food service equipment to feed the soldiers.

Bush founded Anheuser-Busch in Germany. He transformed beer brewing from a local industry to a national industry, was the first to pasteurize beer.

Gustavus Franklin Swift was 14 years old when he bought a heifer, which he butchered & dressed.

Mrs. Mary Lincoln opened the Boston Cooking School. Miss Fannie Farmer most famous graduate.

Walter Scott served textile workers in Providence, RI from a horse drawn wagon, rather than from a hand basket.

Moved to Chicago, which became the meat capital of the U.S

Fred Harvey opened 17 Harvey House restaurants, First to provide consistency of food, service & cleanliness. Gave rough-and-tumble cowboys, miners, cattlemen, trappers, lawmen & homesteaders good food in a civilized setting.

Chef Ceribino Angelica's wife developed a double-breasted, cloth-knot button jacket with split cuffs

Produced in NYC, easier to pack & ship than wooden creates, more frequent fruit and vegetable shipments.

Harry M. Stevens is the father of sports concessions. He introduced the baseball program & scorecard. He also sold the rights to sell soda, peanuts, popcorn, ice cream & hot dogs. He sold advertising space to a local peanut vendor who paid him in peanuts.

Chemist, Dr. John Pemberton had to rewrite the formula for his popular nerve tonic, stimulant, & headache remedy due to a prohibition law enacted in Atlanta.

Dr. Ambrose Straub wanted an easy-to-digest & healthy food for his elderly patients

Used to be called a "frankfurter", T.A. Dorgan drew a cartoon of a frankfurter with a head, tail & legs, which looked like a dachshund. Frankfurter began to be called a "hot dog"

Dr. John Harvey Kellogg's theory was that people needed to chew a dry, brittle food to keep their teeth sharp.

Dr. Charles Post invented a coffee substitute called Postum & Grapenut Cereal. Post Cereals formed the basis for General Foods Corporation.

She viewed cooking as both an art & a science. The Boston Cooking School Cookbook remained the most popular cookbook in US until 1931

William and Samuel Childs invented Cafeteria trays to be used in the early cafeterias in NYC

Chemist John Dorrance's family cannery produced concentrated soups

Started by Henery Heinz in Sharsburg, PA

J.H. Kraft, a Chicago grocery clerk wrapped uniformly sized wedges of cheese in tinfoil, sold cheese from door-to-door

James Beard, was one of the 1st chefs to believe that America could have its own national cuisine.

Hamburgers, Ice Cream Cones, Ice Tea

One of the country's 1st pizzeras was G. Lombardi's which opened on Spring Street ("Little Italy") in NYC

Upton Sinclair's book, The Jungle, exposed the unsanitary conditions of Chicago's meat packing plants.

Dr. Harvey Wiley, Chief of Bureau of Chemistry for the USDA, believed that many additives & preservatives were dangerous. As a result of its efforts, Congress passed the Pure Food and Drug Act.

F.W. Woolworth was the 1st to use put an in-store restaurant in his 5 &10-cent stores.

Through her countless cookbooks, magazine articles, and cooking shows on PBS, she made French cooking seem easy to millions. The Grande Dame of mass-media gastronomic education.

Roy Allen & Frank Wright sold a drink of roots, herbs, bark & berries at their stand.

18th Amendment, Prohibition, banned the manufacturing, sales & transportation of intoxincting liquors nation wide

Dr Clarence Birdseye was the first to develop a quick-freezing method.

Mr. Howard Johnson opened a single ice-cream shop.

Willard & Alice Marriott were the 1st married couple to establish a food service & hospitality empire.

The Postum Cereal Co. purchased Mr. Birdseye's company = General Foods

Food shortages drove people to bread lines

Created a training program for returning veterans interested in careers in food preparation - The Culinary Institute of America.

William Rosenberg, founder of Dunkin Donuts. Original name was "Open Kettle".

Saratoga Chips were invented by George Crumb a Native American working at Moon's Lake in Saratoga Springs, NY

Founded by Frank and Dan Carney

Professional journalist for the NY Times, legitimized the profession of restaurant critic, educated Americans about fine food.

Thomas Monoghan perfected the "art of pizza-making' and home delivery

Founded by 27 year old Allan Stillman who was looking for a way to supplement his income and have some fun.

The first fabricated potato chip, created by Proctor & Gamble

Opened by Dave Thomas in Columbus, OH named in honor of his daughter.

Alice Water's opened "Chez Panisse". Focus on cuisine of Southern France. Use of wood-fired ovens for pizza grilling.

Opened by Peter Morgan & Isaac Tigree. Who chipped in $5,000 each to open up the first Hard Rock Cafe in London

Debbie Fields was only 21 when she founded her company in California

First introduced at Bloomingdale's Dept store in NYC

Opened at a Burlington, Vermont gas station. Originally called Homemade Ice Cream & Crepes

Pop Secret Microwave Popcorn was introduced by General Mills