History of Philippine Art

EVENTS:
-The period BEFORE the first colonizers. The Philippines already have an indigenous art traditions that is unique and rich.
-The use of Stories ( Literary Arts) was the way of the people in this period to pass on Cultures and Traditions.
-Gold has peen part of Filipino accessories even BEFORE the arrival of the Spaniards.

PERSONALITIES:
Indigenous people like Aetas preserved and kept the art traditions in this early period.
People from Ifugao also contributed to the earliest art traditions like the Mombaki Ritual, Jars, and many
more.

ART FORM:
-Rituals are considered the earliest form of theater that is expressed through Music, Songs, Dance, Chants and many more.
- Cave drawings are considered the earliest form of Painting done by early Filipinos.
- Sculpture is considered a visual art pottery like the Manunggul Jar is one example.
-Tattoo Arts and Buildings of Bahay Kubo

EVENTS:
-Started in Sulu in the 13th Century.
-We were taught the Islamic Language, Islamic reading and writings, and Religious schools were built.
- Quran reading was introduced.
- The religion was spread in Mindanao and embraced by Maranao, Maguindanao, Tausog, Yakan, Samal, Badjao as well as other areas in Palawan,

PERSONALITIES:
-Sayyid Abbubakar arrived and taught the Islamic reading, writing, and language.

ART FORMS:
- Mosque were built facing the direction of Kabah (black Shrine)
-Ukkil/Okir was the dominant design in Muslim.

EVENTS:
-In 1543, Spanish Explorer Ruy Lopez de Villalobos named the archipelago Las Islas Filipinas in Honor or Philip II of Spain.
-In 1565, The first Spanish settlement in the archipelago was established by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi.
- Manila became the Asian hub of the Manila-Acapulco galleon fleet.
-Lowland Christians were highlighted in this period and all artworks are Religious/ Devotional in nature.
- Manyan of Mindoro Baybayin was the only preserved traditional writings of the Filipinos.
- Doctrina Christiana ( Teachings of Christianity) was used to teach the religion of Christianity in the country.

PERSONALITIES:
-Ruz Lopez de Villalobos who named the archipelago Las Islas Filipinas
- MIguel Lopez de Legazpi who established the first Spanish settlement in the archipelago.
-Esteban Villanueva made a series of 14 paintings called Basi Revolt that expressed the rage of the Filipinos.
- Nicolas dela Cruz Bagay who made the first Scientific map of the Philippines.
-Juan Luna who won as Gold Medalist for his great work in making the Spolarium.
-Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo- Madrid who made Virgenes Christianas expuestas al Populacho

ART FORMS:
-Plaza Complex was introduced.
- Baroque churches incorporated with Filpino design.
-Churches built in cruciform follows the Latin cross.
- Bahay na bato/ Bahay na Tisa
- Santos which are made of ivory and wood.
- Relleves which are facade of churches.
- Retalbo which a is a form of altar.
- Carroza which is Apedestal used in religious Catholic procession.
-Pasyon/pabasa introduced in 1742 which narrates the passion of Christ.
-Kundiman/Balitaw which is an Filipino love song.
-Zarzuela of Sarsuela is form of theater that is popular in this period.
-Senakulo which is a traditional part of Lent in several Christians denominations particularly in Catholic traditions.
-Komedya a play written to dramatize the recent capture by a Christian Filipino army of an Islamic stronghold.
-Moro-moro or the Komedia version of the Tagalog.
-Araguio/Arakyo which is the Komedia version in Nueva Ecija

EVENTS:
- Spain surrendered the Philippines to the United States under the Treaty of Paris.
- Americans' greatest contribution to the Filipinos is their educational system.
- Manila was named " A blooming Metropolis." in this period.

PERSONALITIES:
- Fernando Amorsolo whose paintings became famous because it depicts the Filipino culture.
-Guillermo Tolentino who made made the sculptures of Oblation in 1935 and the Bonifacio Monument in 1933.
- Daniel Burnham who designed Manila and Baguio.
-Willaim Parsons who implemented the Burnham plans and Urban designs in the country.

ART FORMS:
- Vaudeville is a theatrical genre of variety entertainment born in France at the end of the 19th century which lasted during the American period up until the Japanese occupation.

EVENTS:
-It is considered as the darkest period in Philippine history. Many artworks, buildings, and lives have been destroyed due to World War II
- Modern Art and Modern Artists are slowly penetrating the art world in this period.
- Artworks are mostly from the sentiments of artists during the war.
- Contributions to poetry like Haiku which is a Japanese form of poetry which is a free verse and has a measurement of 5-7-5 verse. It is short but has wide meaning and its typical theme is "nature."

PERSONALITIES:
-Carlos Edades, Calos "Botong" Francisco, and Galo Hernandes considered the "Triumvate" pioneered Modern Art in this country.

ART FORMS:
-Paintings are used as propaganda.
-Leaflets, Flyers, and Posters which are graphically designed propaganda slogans which contains imposition of Nihonggo warding off American influence. These artworks were dropped from Japanese plains all over Manila.
-Artists also produced minimalist and geometric sculptures and it manifested the absence of peace and presence of chaos as evident in the distorted and emotional figures.

EVENTS:
- The home for the arts and the Cultural Center of the Philippines was built.
- Culture and art become highlighted in the Marcos Regime.

PERSONALITIES:
-The Marcos Family and many more
- Takashi Murakami colours the world with his flowery art inspired by the vibrant manga scene.
-Jenny Saville her visual treatment of bodies, nude and voluptuous, displays a rigorous technical mastery, and her handling of form is comparable to sculptors.
-David Hockney is the world’s most expensive living artist, British painter David Hockney, has become an omnipresent figure in contemporary art.
-Yayoi Kusama has invaded the art market and cultural institutions with her signature dots.
and many others.
ART FORMS:
a. Abstract expressionism
b. Kinetic art
c. Op art
d. Performance art
e. Environment art
f. Feminist art
g. Minimalism
h. Video art
i. Graffiti art
j. Postmodern art
k. Body art
l. Digital art