Preceden

History of Stem Cells

Main

Stem Cell is in Gremeny

1860 - 1920

"Stem cells" inferred from analysis of embryo development and microscopy of bone marrow

Succesful Treatment with Corneal Stem Cells

1994

Patients with damaged corneas are successfully treated with corneal stem cells (Taiwan)

Dolly the Sheep is Born

1996

First cloning of a mammal: Dolly the sheep is born (Scotland)

International Stem Cell Forum (ISCF)

2002

Creation of the International Stem Cell Forum (ISCF) to encourage international collaboration, and with the overall aim of promoting global good practices and accelerating progress in biomedical

The International Society for Stem Cell Research is formed.

2002

International Consortium of Stem Cell Networks (ICSCN) is initiated

2004

International Consortium of Stem Cell Networks (ICSCN) is initiated, which aims to unify international efforts to make stem cell therapy a reality for a broad range of debilitating diseases

James Till and Ernest McCulloch win the Lasker Prize

2005

James Till and Ernest McCulloch win the Lasker Prize for experiments that first identified stem cells and set the stage for all current research on adult and embryonic stem cells

First induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) generated

2006

First induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) generated by reprogramming adult mouse skin cells. The altered iPS cells have characteristics similar to embryonic stem cells (Japan)

Mario Capecchi, Martin Evans and Oliver Smithies win the Nobel Prize

2007

for Physiology for Medicine for discoveries enabling germline gene modification in mice

Sam Weiss is awarded the Gairdner Prize for the discovery of neural stem cells

2008

John Gurdon & Shinya Yamanaka win Lasker Prize for discoveries in reprogramming

2009

John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka win the Lasker Prize for discoveries in nuclear reprogramming. Yamanaka is also awarded the Gairdner Prize

John Gurdon & Shinya Yamanaka win Nobel Prize

2012

John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent

USA

The various discoveries of stem cells in USA

Stem cell mechanism first found in Canada

1948 - 1958

Stem cell mechanisms deduced for sperm development and intestinal epithelium replacement (Canada)

First bone marrow transplants

1956

First bone marrow transplants performed in human patients (USA)

Marrow transplants without rejections

1968

First allogeneic human marrow transplants achieved avoiding lethal rejection reactions

Mouse cancer cells linked to normal tissues as well as teratomas

1974

Mouse embryonic cancer cells are shown to participate in the development of normal tissues as well as teratomas

Stem cells fond in cord blood

1978

Transplantable stem cells are discovered in human cord blood

stems cell from the inner cell mass of mouse blastocysts

1981

Embryonic stem cells are first derived from the inner cell mass of mouse blastocysts

Marrow stem cells measured by regenerative capacity

1982

Marrow stem cells measured by regenerative capacity in vivo are shown to be distinct from progenitors measured by colony methods

First Stem Cell from Colony-forming Cells

1990

Mouse marrow regenerating stem cells are first completely separated from in vivo colony-forming cells

primate embryonic stem cell

1995

First derivation of primate embryonic stem cell lines

Human Cell line Derived

1998

First human embryonic stem cell line derived

First derivation of dopaminergic cells

2004

First derivation of dopaminergic cells from human embryonic stem cells, a hope for Parkinson's disease treatment

First evidence for human bone cancer stem cells

2005

First clinical trial of human embryonic-derived stem cell of spinal cord injury

2010

iPS cells created by transfection of mRNA

2010

Canada

Stem Cell discoveries in Canada

Basis of Adult and Emryonic Stem Cells

1961

The existence and properties of transplantable stem cells in mouse bone marrow are established and the first colony methodology for counting them is introduced. This discovery set the stage for all current research on adult and embryonic stem cells

First Cell Separation Technology

1969

First application of cell separation technology to dissect marrow stem cell hierarchy

Mouse cancer cells linked to normal tissues as well as teratomas

1974

Mouse embryonic cancer cells are shown to participate in the development of normal tissues as well as teratomas

Neural Stem Cells in the Brain

1992

Neural stem cells identified in the adult human brain

Pluripontentcy of Embryonic Stem Cells Found

1993

Pluripotency of embryonic stem cells is proven through the generation of entirely embryonic stem cell-derived mice

First separation of cancer stem cells

1994

First separation of cancer stem cells from the majority of cells in a cancer

Retinal stem cells identified in mice

2000

Dermal stem cells identified in adult skin tissue

2001

Stem Cell Network

2001

First collaborative stem cell research network - the Stem Cell Network - is formed

First complete purification from mice

2002

First complete purification from mice of multipotent marrow stem cells capable as single injected cells of extended marrow regeneration in vivo

Cancer stem cells isolated in human brain tumours

2003

Rare human breast cancer stem cells identified

2003

Normal mammary stem cells demonstrated in adult mice

2006

First evidence for human colon cancer stem cells

2007

iPS cells created with minimal residual genomic alteration

2009

Adult cells reprogrammed directly to neurons, cardiac muscle and blood cells

2010

Isolation of multipotent human blood stem cells

2011

Isolation of multipotent human blood stem cells capable of forming all cells in the blood system

England

Stem Cell discoveries in England

Experiments in cells of mice

1959

Experiments in mice prove the existence of resident blood stem cells in marrow

Holland

Stem Cell discoveries in Holland

Blood stem cells measured by colony formation

1984

Blood stem cells measured by colony formation in vivo are first extensively purified

First physical identification & localization of mammalian intestinal stem cells

2007

UK

Stem Cell discoveries in United Kingdom

Frogs and stem cells

1958

Nuclei from adult frog cells reprogrammed to full embryonic potential after transfer into frog eggs

First methodology for genetic modification

1982 - 1986

First methodology developed for targeted genetic modification in embryonic stem cells