Timeline Period 5 - Patrick R. Groleau

The Latin American Wars of Independence lasted from 1806 to 1825. It was led by Simon Bolivar and fought for independence from Spain. This led to the splintering of Latin America and led to the rule of the caudillos in South America.

The Congress of Vienna took place from 1814-1815. It established the boundaries in Europe after Napoleon was defeated. The Congress of Vienna laid the foundations for what would later become the First World War.

The Unification of Italy began in 1815 with the Congress of Vienna and ended in 1870. It took place in two parts and finally came together into one whole Italy peacefully. This was the first time Italy unified during the Industrial Revolution and it is still unified today.

The Greek War of independence lasted form 1821-1832. With some help from Russia and Britain Greece annexed itself from the Ottoman Empire. this led to a sovereign Greece which hadn't existed since before the Romans.

The Opium Wars took place first from 1839 to 1842 and then later a second took place from 1856 to 1860. The wars were caused form disagreements between the British Empire and the Qing Dynasty over trade rights. This led to China being picked apart by the Spheres of Influence and the Boxer Rebellion.

The Communist Manifesto was published in 1848. It outline the economic system that Karl Marx invented called communism. This led to several rebellions and wars creating communist states in Europe and Asia.

The Taiping Rebellion was a civil war in China that lasted from 1850 to 1864. It was led by Chinese Christians against the Qing dynasty. Sun Yat Sen and Mao Zedong both used the Taiping Rebellion was inspiration for their rebellions against the Qing and later Republic of China.

The Crimean War lasted from 1853 to 1856. It was a war between Russia, Britain, and the Ottoman Empire over territory the Ottomans were losing. It established the boundaries for eastern Europe at its end.

The Bessemer Process was developed in 1855. It is used to manufacture iron. The Bessemer Process cheapened the production of iron significantly and helped speed industrialization.

The Sepoy Rebellion took place in 1857 in India. Indian soldiers for the East India Company revolted after having to bite cartridges grease with pork and cattle fat. That was against Muslim and Hindu laws and sparked a rebellion which was one of the first major rebellions during Imperialistic times.

On the Origin of Species was published in 1859. It created foundations for evolutionary biology. An unintended consequence was social Darwinism which said was used to justify Slavery and Imperialism during Darwin's time.

The Suez Canal was finished in 1869. It is a canal linking in Egypt linking the Mediterranean with the Indian Ocean. This allowed for goods to be easily transferred by sea from the Europe to to the East and back without having to go around South Africa. It is one of the most widely used waterways today.

The Russian Serfs were emancipated in 1861 by Tsar Alexander in an attempt to industrialize Russia. It let the peasantry have their own land and be free. It also helped Russia become more industrial although the peasant's position in society didn't change much.

The Meiji Restoration began in 1868 by Emperor Meiji. It was reform which started Japan on Industrialism. It got rid of the Samurai class and created a sense of Japanese nationalism. It was extremely successful and allowed Japan to fully modernize.

The Unification of Germany officially occurred in 1871. It was led by Otto Von Bismarck who led a conservative nationalistic movement unifying Germany. This nationalism led to Germany's part in both World Wars.

The Boer Wars lasted from 1880-1880 and then later from 1899-1902. It was a war of the British vs. two Boer Republics. It changed British foreign policy and after noticing how unfit soldiers were, the Boer Wars led to liberal reforms about the health of British citizens.

The Panama Canal was first used in 1914. It is a canal that separates the isthmus between North and South America. It allows ships to cross from the Atlantic to the Pacific without having to go around all of South America. It is one of the most widely used shipping lanes today.

The Berlin West Africa Conference lasted from fall 1884 to late winter 1885. This event created much hostility between the European nation. It was a conference over the Congo region in Africa.

The Indian National Congress was formed in 1885. It was the main group responsible for the Independence movement in India. Mahatma Gandhi was a member of this party.

The Boxer Rebellion lasted from 1899 to 1901. It was a revolution led by Chinese nationals opposing the Spheres of Influence. This is a major point during Chinese and Imperial history to see how Imperialism affected the conquered countries.

The Russo-Japanese War took place from 1904 to 1905. It was the first major war of the 20th century. Russia was looking for a warm water port to the Pacific, which was in Korea and Manchuria. Japan fought Russia over this land.

The All-India Muslim League was a Muslim political party founded after India gained its independence. This led to the formation of the country of Pakistan after Hindus and Muslims couldn't resolve their conflicts and one of the largest migration movements on the planet.

Henry Ford's Assembly Line began in 1913 when the first Model-T's were put into production. It involved one factory worker becoming very skilled at one job while the car parts moved on a conveyor belt. The moving assembly line created by Ford has become the model for most factory work today.