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Use Cases
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Resources
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Pricing
1869 - 1872
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1872 - 1880
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Disillusionment ng masa sa pagiging paring sekular
1872
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1872 - 1892
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Layunin:
1. Asimilasyon: lahat ng Pilipino magiging Spanish citizen
2. Autonomiya: self-rule
"Mas mahirap gisingin ang nagtutulug-tulugan."
1882 - 1887
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1884
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Tripartite History (as opposed to Kastila bipartite):
1. KALIWANAGAN (pre-Kastila)
- immense complexity
- trade, literacy, hardwork, economy
- Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas ni Morga
"Social Cancer"
KALIWANAGAN
Panunumbalik ng kalikasan sa mga Pilipino.
Sariling lakas = kasaganahan!
1887
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1889 - 1895
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Anti-friar bureacracy, separation of church and state
1891
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1892 - 1896
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(Arellano, Basa, Bonifacio, Aguinaldo)
Sinundan at ginawang mas simple ang tripartite history
1. Past = Liwanag
2. Present = Dilim
3. Future = Liwanag
1892
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Unang attempt ni Rizal na dalhin sa Pilipinas ang bago niyang ideolohiya ng kasarinlan.
1892
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1892
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Inakusahang anti-religion.
1896
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December 30 1896
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1897 - 1898
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Lalong nag-init nang patayin si J. Rizal.
March 22, 1897 - May 10, 1897
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Mapupunta kay Aguinaldo ang Katipunan.
September 1897 - December 15 1897
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Provisions:
- Surrender of Aguinaldo and revolutionary corps.
- Amnestiya para sa kasabwat
- Pagpapatapon sa HK ng liderato ng rebolusyon
- Payment by the Spanish government of $400,000 (Mexican peso) to the revolutionaries in three installments: $200,000 (Mexican peso) upon leaving the country, $100,000 (Mexican peso) upon the surrender of at least 700 firearms, and another $200,000 (Mexican peso) upon the declaration of general amnesty.
Feb 1898
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Sa pamumuno ni Commodore George Dewey, cinontact si E. Aguinaldo
- Nagpadala ng 7 ships sa Manila Bay
- Nakahanda na ang mga ship sa Singapore bago pa sumabog ang U.S.S. Maine
Imperyalismong Amerikano-Salik:
1. Tapos na ang Civil War - bogged down industrialization
2. Industrialization (kasabay ng European countries), saturated American market,
3. Commercialization: emphasize profitable aspects, make into a commodity = PROFIT + GREED
Why Asia?
1. HUGE China market
- more privileges for foreigners
- inggit ang America, so they're pushing for an open door policy na sila lang ang makikinabang.
2. Pilipinas
- base of operations patungong China
- tambakan ng surplus
3. Potential masakop Japan
- pinipilit makipagkalakalan
Papel ng Pilipinas
1. Market ng surplus
2. Location --> Asya
3. Source ng raw materials
4. Karagdagang sundalo para sa further imperialism
5. Symbol ng American Imperialism
Katwirang Moral
1. Manifest Destiny: American settlers were destined to expand across the continent (a sense of MISSION)
2. White Man's Burden: It is the white man's duty to spread civilization and modernization, Justified imperialism as a noble enterprise
May 1 1898
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Spanish were stuck in Intramuros, surrounded by the US sa naval, Philippines sa land.
Artemio Ricarte: Bantayan ang US, may ibang pakay.
- Natalo na ang Kastila, pero dating pa rin nang dating ang Amerikano
May 19 1898
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May 24 1898 - July 23 1898
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June 12 1898
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Upang makilala ang Pilipinas bilang independent nation
- Para makahingi ng tulong sa karatig-bansa kung sakupin ang Pilipinas ng Amerika.
July 1898 - August 1898
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August 12 1898
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August 13, 1898
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August 13 1898
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September 1898 - Jan 21 1899
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Pagtangkang mag-establish ng revolutionary government.
December 10 1898
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1899 - 1901
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January 4 1899
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January 20 1899 - January 3 1900
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Recommendations for Phils based on 1 year study:
1. Civil Gov't
2. Bicameral assembly
3. Autonomous provincial & municipal gov't
4. Public education
January 23, 1899
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February 4 1899 - September 13 1907
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Nagsimula sa Kalye Sociego, napunta sa La Loma the next day.
November 13 1899 - September 13 1907
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March 23 1901
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September 13 1907
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February 6 1899
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1901 - 1913
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1913 - 1921
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1919 - 1922
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IMMEDIATE INDEPENDENCE
"Hindi hinihingi ang kalayaan--ipinaglalaban!"
Resulta:
1. Liham galing kay Wilson (outgoing na): paparating na ang kalayaan
2. Tinatag ni Quezon ang propagandang Phil. Press Movement
3. Inattack ng Democrats si Quezon--walang napala ang misyon
4. Lobbied for SOMETHING (letter lang nakuha)
1921 - 1927
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1922 - 1923
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Quezon & Osmeña
US Pres: Warren Harding
MCINTYRE
Resulta:
- The McIntyre proposal
- Paninigurado ng pangulo ng EU na hindi mababawasan ang kapangyarihan ng pangulong Pilipino
1923 - 1924
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RIZALISTAS
Armed group in Surigao, Samar, Leyte, Agusan
1923 - 1924
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Manuel Roxas I
Naputol ang INDEPENDENCE FUND
Resulta:
- Tumutol kaagad si Pres. Coolidge
1924 - 1925
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Recto, Quezon, Osmeña
ALITANG Quezon VS Recto
Resulta:
- Fairfield Bill: 20 years autonomy na tinanggap lang ni Quezon
1924 - 1930
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influenced by COMMUNISM
1925 - 1926
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Sergio Osmeña
Supreme National Council (shadow gov't to prepare for independence)
1927 - 1929
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HINDI NAPAG-USAPAN ANG INDEPENDENCE
1929 - 1939
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1929 - 1930
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NEW NATIONALISM ni Roxas na kumalas
Upang
1. Maghanap ng kapalit kay Stimson (-->Dwight Davis)
2. Labanan ang batas at taripa
1930
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na protege ni Quezon dapat, at nagsulong ng New Nationalism (comprehensive approach to independence).
1930 - 1935
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Benigno Ramos
1930 - 1931
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Patricio Dionisio
1931 - 1933
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Osmeña & Roxas
1933 - 1934
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Manuel L. Quezon
July 30 1934 - February 8 1935
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1935 - 1946
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Suliranin:
I. Maldistribusyon ng kapangyarihang pulitikal
II. Mabagal at 'di-pantay na pag-unlad ng ekonomiya
III.Defense/Militar
Pangunahing Suliranin:
- hati-hati ang gov't
- in absentia ang Komonwelt dahil in EXILE
- half-hearted exec. commission
nawawalan ng credibility sa masa (J. P. Laurel)
Kolaborasyon
Filipinos working with Japanese
Kommunismo
a new hope for peasants
1938
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Benigno Ramos
1938
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Ginawa ang Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa mga Hapon (HUKBALAHAP)
1941 - 1942
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December 8 1941
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December 10 1941
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December 20 1941 - December 22 1941
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1942 - 1944
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Kapisanan ng Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas
Benigno Aquino, Benigno Ramos, Jose P. Laurel
June 1943 - February 1945
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1944
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Makabayang Katipunan ng mga Pilipino
Benigno Ramos, Artemio Ricarte
1945 - 1946
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Suliranin:
1. Collaborators
- with Japanese
dapat America ang tumustos kasi sila ang dahilan ng karamihan sa war damages
Reporma sa pamahalaan
maraming nagbago sa pagkamatay ni Quezon
collaborators are insinuating themselves in the gov't
Hukbalahap (Luis Taruc)
most effective guerilla unit
Gustong ma-recognize officially
Politika/Independensiya
political vacuum: naghahanap ng personality na kapalit ni Quezon
May bagong "baby" ang America: Japan -- want them to fight the RED MENACE (Communism)
1946
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*Bell Trade Act: Free trade, tariff; Unlawful parity rights to raw mats
*Tydings Rehabilitation Act: for war reparations; unless payagan ang Bell Trade (raw mats exploitation), hanggang $500 lang ang damage claims
I. Foreign Policy
1. Controlled communism (internal-focused)
- influenced by the domino theory
- anti-HUK, anti-PKP
2. Pagsunod sa kasunduang international
- UN
- US-Phil Mutual Defense Treaty (ginawang kampante tayo)
- SEATO
- Manila Accord
- MAPHILINDO
II. Politika
1. Class Struggle
2. Nasyonalismo VS pro-American
3. Corruption
4. Political Butterflies
5. Political Dynasties
6. Weak states
- hindi gumagana ang system of checks and balance
- because of UNEDUCATED VOTERS (unable to make smart decisions)
- POOR ADMINISTRATION that is not kept in check, developed
- a culture of IMPUNITY
III. Ekonomiko
1. Agriculture
- semi-feudal pa rin
- not industrialized
2. Raw materials EXPORT oriented company
- no PROCESSING
- we sell low and buy high the same products made from OUR raw materials
- only PROCESSED abroad
3. Foreign capital dependence
- parity rights
4. Rent-seeking
- investors seek gov't support in setting up businesses
- seek protection from tax for about a year or more
- in return, rich businessmen become the politician's financial backer
5. Floating rate of Peso
6. Retail economy (TINGI)
7. Uneven economic dev't.
- foreigners and local elite ang kumikita sa EXTRACTIVE businesses
- political centers = economic center; but also center of poverty
IV. Panlipunan = SOCIAL STRESSES
1. Rich/Poor gap
2. Dichotomy of lowland (llawod) -- highland (llaya)
3. 'Di pantay na social demographic
4. Kolonyal education
5. Relasyong patron-kliente
6. Dichotomy ng ELITE INTEREST and MASS INTEREST
V. Kultural at Relihiyon
1. Colonial Mentality
- Ingles na panlasa
2. Mendicant leaders
- "beggars"
3. Kamangmangan at Superstisyon
- "Religion is the OPIUM of the masses."
4. Messianic Movements
May 28, 1946 - April 15, 1948
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PERA POLITICS
PARITY RIGHTS
Ginawang ilegal ang Hukbalahap
Strong American influence
Granted amnesty to Jap collaborators
Pumirma: 99 years US military base
1:1 pa ang peso dollar
Bell Trade Act (later replaced by Laurel-Langley Act)
General Relations Treaty
Proposed CB
April 17, 1948 - December 30, 1953
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GRAFT & CORRUPTION - Malapit nang MA-IMPEACH
US-Phil Mutual Defense Treaty
CB! Central Bank of the Philippines
Nilipat ang capital sa QC
Nagpadala ng troops sa Korean War ('50-'53)
NATIONAL MINIMUM WAGE ACT
1:2 dollar peso
"elite"
Economic mobilization
Agricultural Credit Cooperatives
Granted amnesty to Huk (surrender arms) > failed (arresters prone to abusing Huk) > return to violence; MILITARY CAMPAIGN
Golden orinola
Umasa sa ayuda mula sa US
Tumaas ang tariff
Maraming skandalo
more unemployment
December 30, 1953 - March 17, 1957
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Malakas na suporta galing sa masa
Five Year Economic Dev't Plan
Sumuko si Luis Taruc
SEATO (military alliance vs communism)
War Reparations from Japan
Psychological Warfare vs Huk (+CIA)
1:2 dollar peso
maka-masa "Magsaysay is my guy"
Democracy
Tiwala sa pamahalaan
Infrastructure
Agricultural Tenancy Act (karapatan ng magsasaka)
Retail Trade Nationalization Act (bawal ang foreign businesses sa retail)
Kasunduang Laurel-Langley: pag-ayos sa kalakalan ng Phils na nakakabit sa trade ng US (unhealthy), LOWERED TARIFF
Temporarily more jobs
Inflation
March 23, 1957 - December 30, 1961
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Outlawed communism
CORRUPTION
Filipino First Policy (nakinabang ay large Am corp's)
Cultural revival program
Programa para sa self-sufficiency
"elite"
Austerity program
Bohlen-Serrano Agreement (US military bases from 99-25 years)
Tumaas ang presyo ng bilihin
Midnight appointments
December 30, 1961 - December 30, 1965
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Inangkin ang Sabah
Manila Accord (Malaysia, Phil, Indo)
Anti-corruption Drive
MAPHILINDO
Pinalitan ang araw ng kalayaan: July 4 --> June 12
Five-Year Socio-Economic Integrated Development Program
1:4 dollar to peso
Umakyat ang economy
Kumalat ang kahirapan
Sagupaan vs communists
Nawalan ang masa ng tiwala sa gov't
Alitan sa gov't
December 30, 1965 - February 25, 1986
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Sob story na gusto ng masa
Mas lumaganap ang POLITICAL DYNASTIES
Shet daming infrastructure
PHILCAG
ASEAN
First Quarter Storm (leftist unrest, led to martial law) --> New People's Army (NPA)
CARP (kinumpiska ang lupa ng oligarkiya)
Fucking martial law that's what