Sponsored expeditions, established a school for the study of mapmaking, shipbuilding, and navigation
Naval technology and naval warfare enabled the Portuguese to quickly establish fortified bases
Discovered the Cape of Good Hope in 1488
1492 Columbus landed in new world
Discovered ocean route from Portugal to the East
Spanish explorer- first European to reach the Pacific from the new world
Portuguese explorer- expeditions around Africa and to the Phillipines
French colonies in the new world primarily in present day Canada, less of a power than Spain and England
Spainish colonies primarily in Brazil and the Carribean, less harsh takeover than England
East India Companies Duthc- monopolize spice trade British- Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras
There is no exact date to when trade between the new world and Europe (columbian exchange) started but seeing how Columbus did not land in the new world until 1492, 1550 is a ruff guess, trade of food crops ideas and people
Dutch-monopolize spice trade British-Bombay,Calcutta,Madras ;Indian cotton textiles
Each shareholder owns a portion of the company together charter a ship and explorer
Civil war in England that the constitutional monarchy evolved out of
Created the Gutenberg printing press enabling Martin Luther's ideas to be read widely
from absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy, became power in Europe through colonies in New World
Not holy not roman and not an empire
Supported idea of Absolute monarchy, colonies in new world in present day Canda
The father of modern political theory
Finds solar system is heliocentric or sun centered disproving Aristotle
Used by the Spanish monarchy to detect Protestand heresy and political dissidents, used to discover secret Muslims and Jews
In 1480 Russia was freed from the Mongols by Ivan iii, fur trade encourage expansion into Siberia
Wrote 95 theses in 1517-saw corruption in clergy of catholic church,called for a reform
Founded the society of Jesus (Jesuits) in 1540
French convert to Protestantism, organized model of Protestant community in the 1530s
Started with Martin Luther, spread outside Germany, Protestant movements popular in Low Countries
Created by Pope Paul iii in response to the Protestant Reformation
Counter Reformation- pope final authority, bible is final authority, education of clergy
Theory of Velocity, law of inertia, telescope
Was a defeat of the Ottoman Navy
Spain vs. British = Phillip ii vs. Elizabeth
Philosophe social contract=cede rights to an absolute ruler
A religious that eventually encompassed much of Europe and was ended by the Peace of Westphalia
Philosophe social contract=will of the people
The sun king of France- created court of Versailles and promoted economic development
Question accepted practices, human use of reasoning
Tried to modernize and enlighten Russia I.e. Peter brought scholars to Russia
Unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna
Treaty of Nerchinsk apart of the Glorious revolution
French Philosophe champion of religious liberty and individual freedom
Perserving human freedom where human beings a dependent on one another for satisfaction of their needs
Father of economics- added laws of supply and demand to determine price
Powerfull native american society who believed in human sacrafice to the gods, polytheistic
largest empire in pre-columbian America patchwork of languages culture and people
A Spanish explorer who conquered much of Mexico and the Aztec Empire in 1521
Aztec empire reached its maximal hieght under his reign, first contact between MesoAmericans and Europeans killed during Spanish conquest of Mexico
Spanish conquistador who helped conquer the Inca Empire in 1502
Agreed upon by the Spanish and the Portuguese to settle disputes about newly claimed land in the New World.
The last sovereign emperor of the Inca Empire before Spanish takeover
Claimed for France in 1534 by Jacques Cartier and soon became a French colony in the New World
The foundation for Jamestown was created in 1607. Jamestown was the first permanent English settlements in the Americas.
Sunni Ali was the first king of the Songhai empire, under his reign the Songhai empire surpassed the height of the Mali empire
State in Western Africa one of the largest Islamic empires in history base of power on Niger River
Trade routes that seemed to form a triangle between Africa, the Americas and Europe; slaves were one of the main goods to be transported
The Diaspora of Africans occured as a growing demand was placed on slaves, many Africans were shipped out of Africa
took confucianism with ensights of Buddhism and Daoism to create Neo-confucianism, took hold during the Ming and Qing dynasty
Dynasty after Mongol rule tried to restablish "Chinese" dynasty and rid self of Mongol past
A Chinese explorer and made many voyages who brought a Chinese naval presence into the Indian Ocean
chinese imperial palace of Ming and Ching dynasties, served as home of emperors located in what is now Beijing
unified Japan, first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate
An Italian Jesuit who introduced Christianity and Western ideas to China
Fuedal Japenese military government unified Japan under one ruler the shogun
Helped with the unification of Japan the begining of Tokugawa rule
Body of knowledge in Japan through contacts with the Dutch, learned of the scientific revolution
Last imperial dynasty of China- worked to unify China
Qing emperor who opended ports to foreign trade encouraged Western education and Roman Catholicism
Qing emperor, his reign represents the most prosperous period of the Qing dynasty
became empire in 1453 height of power in 1590 under Suleyman the magnificant
Called Mehmed the conquerer, conquered Constantinople in 1453
In 1453 the Ottomans specifically Mehmet ii conquered Constantinople where it then became Istanbol
Founder of Safavid empire made it an Shi'a Islamic empire expanded the Safavid empire
Islamic "gunpowder empire" established a unified Iranian state, revival of Persia as economic stronghold between east and west
Ottomans vs. Safavids first battle between them, Ottomans gained control over eastern Anatolia
Called Suleyman the magnificient sultan of Ottoman empire, Ottoman empire reach peak in prosperity and power under his reign
greatest part of expansion during Akbar's reign dominant force in Indian subcontinent
Mughal emperor who took intrest in art and literature, tolerant to other religions