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Samantha Reynolds
Samantha Reynolds
1371 - 1433
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Commanded the Chinese voyages in the Indian Ocean. He was sponsored by Yongle
1394 - 1460
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Portuguese Prince who was responsible for the early development of European exploration and maritime trade with other continents
1398 - 1468
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The German blacksmith, goldsmith, printer, and publisher who introduced the printing press to Europe and started the Printing Revolution
1432 - 1481
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"The Conqueror"
Conquered Constantinople with the Ottomans - ended the Byzantine Empire
1451 - 1500
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Portuguese explorer. First European to sail around the southern tip of Africa in 1488. He was searching for a route to India
1451 - 1506
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Spanish explorer - Credited with "discovering" the New World in 1492
1464 - 1492
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The first king of the Songhai Empire
1466 - 1520
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Tenochtitlan Ruler
1469 - 1527
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Italian historian. Founder of modern political society
1469 - 1524
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Portuguese explorer - First European to sail into the Indian Ocean. Allowed Europe to play a crucial role in Indian Ocean trade
1473 - 1543
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Renaissance mathematician. Formulated a heliocentric model. His book began the Copernican Revolution which played a major role in the Scientific revolution.
1475 - 1519
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Spanish conquistador who crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean
1476 - 1541
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Spanish conquistador who helped conquer the Incan Empire
1480 - 1521
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Portuguese explorer. He was searching for a westward route to the Spice Islands. He completed the first circumnavigation of the Earth
1483 - 1546
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German monk. Realized the faults in the Catholic church and produced the 95 theses. When addressed by the church and asked to recant, he denied saying that he could not. His statements led to the Reformation although that was not the initial intent.
1485 - 1547
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Spanish conquistador that led to the fall of the Aztec Empire
1487 - 1524
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Founder of the Safavid Dynasty. Unified Iran.
Key role is the rise of the Twelver of Islam
1491 - 1556
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Spanish knight who found the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) Religious leader during the Counter-Reformation.
1494 - 1566
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Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. Siege of Vienna.
Conflict with the Safavids. Ottoman fleets dominated Mediterranean and Red seas.
1497 - 1533
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The last emperor of the Inca before the Spanish invasion
1509 - 1564
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French theologian during the Protestant Reformation. Calvinism - Major branch of Western Christianity.
Broke from the Roman Catholic Church and fled to Switzerland
1542 - 1605
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Third Mughal emperor. Religiously tolerant
1543 - 1616
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Founder of the first shogun of the Tokugawa Shogunate.
1552 - 1610
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Italian Jesuit. "Servant of God"
1564 - 1642
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Italian mathematician who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution. Major contributions to astronomy: the phases of venus, Jupiter's moons, and sunspots. Theory of Heliocentrism: the sun is the center of the universe
1588 - 1679
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English philosopher. Social contract - rights to an absolute ruler, abuses of power are price to pay for order
1632 - 1704
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"Father of Classical Liberalism". English philosopher. Influenced Voltaire and Rousseau. One of the most influential Enlightenment thinkers
1638 - 1715
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Louis "the Great". Ruled France, believer of the divine right of kings. He wanted to eliminate feudalism and became one of the most powerful rulers of France and consolidated an absolute monarchy in France.
1654 - 1722
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Second Qing emperor. - longest reigning
Suppressed the Revolt of the Three Feudatories, forced the Kingdom of Tungning in Taiwan to submit to Qing rule, blocked Tsarist Russia on the Amur River and expanded the empire in the northwest
1694 - 1778
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French Enlightenment writer. Satirist. Insulted the Catholic church and was kicked out of France.
1711 - 1799
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6th Qing emperor. Maintained ultimate power even after abdicated the throne to his son.
1712 - 1778
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Genevan Philosopher, writer, and composer. Political philosophy influenced the French Revolution. Looked to the hypothetical State of Nature
1723 - 1790
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Scottish philosopher. He wrote "The Wealth of Nations" and he is considered the father of modern economics
1762 - 1796
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The most renowned female leader of Russia. She revitalized Russia into one of the great powers of Europe. She contributed to the expansion of Europe
800 - 1806
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Continuation of the Western Roman Empire. Charles V was unable to unify the empire which eventually fell
1299 - 1923
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Founded by Turkish Osman Bey. Became an empire with the conquest of Contantinople by Mehmed II. One of the most powerful empires under Suleiman the Magnificent.
1340 - 1591
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Western Africa. One of the largest Islamic empires in history. Ruled by Sonni Ali. Crucial intersection for trans-saharan trade
1350 - 1550
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Dominated large parts of Mesoamerica.
The Mexica people.
Developed the Triple Alliance and conquered many other peoples. (The Aztec Empire)
1368 - 1644
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Followed the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. Emperor Yongle sponsored voyages made by Zheng He in the Indian Ocean. Chinese government focused on "de-Mongolizing" China and returned to many of the original Chinese ways (i.e. Confucian thinking, civil service exam, etc.)
1415 - 1750
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First European empire to become a part of the IOMS thanks to Vasco da Gama. The first global empire in history. Sought to become a part of the spice trade. Colonies in Americas.
1438 - 1533
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Largest empire in pre-Columbian America.
Used conquest and peaceful assimilation.
Mysteriously disappeared.
1450 - 1750
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A little slower in global expansion than other European nations. Played a major role in the fur trade. Furs acquired in North America
1450 - 1750
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Became a centrally governed state - absolute monarchy. Relied on the Divine Right of Kings and the support of the Catholic church.
1501 - 1736
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Established the Twelver school of shia islam (official religion).
One of the three gunpowder empires.
1517 - 1750
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Home of Russian Catholic Church. Jesuits converted many to Catholicism. Many rebellions
1526 - 1857
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India. Descendants of Genghis Khan. Akbar the Great - benefited the government and economy of the empire. Shah Jahan - Golden Age
1581 - 1640
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Originated during the Age of Exploration and was one of the first Global Empires. Colonies in the Americas and Africa. Some colonies lasted into the 20th century.
1600 - 1708
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Many colonies in North America. Participated in fur trade by trading with Native Americans; also participated in slave trade. However, received nowhere near as many slaves as other empires
1600 - 1708
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The Renaissance took place. As did the English Reformation when Henry VIII wanted an annulment from his wife Catherine of Aragon and he broke away from the Pope and the Catholic church. The English civil war took place when Charles I abused his powers as king.
1600 - 1868
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Feudal Japanese military government. Heads of government - shoguns. Central authority fell to Tokugawa Ieyasu. Social hierarchy. Expelled all europeans except for the Dutch. Unified Japan
1644 - 1911
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Foreign and nomadic origin - Manchurian
Campaigned against the Mongols. Strong army.
1250
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A business owned by shareholders. Many voyages in the Age of Exploration were sponsored by these. Investors would split the costs of voyages to avoid too great of losses
1368 - 1912
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A blending of Buddhism, Daoism, and Confucianism. Said withdrawal from the world was not necessary. Practiced by the Ming and Qing dynasties
1420
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The Chinese imperial palace from the Ming - Qing dynasties. Located in the middle of Beijing. Political center of Chinese government.
1453
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The demise of Constantinople and the Byzantine empire. Conquered by the Ottoman ruler, Mehmed II (The conqueror)
Constantinople changed to Istanbul
1478 - 1834
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Intended to maintain Catholic Orthodoxy. Also intended to discover secret Muslims and Jews and to expel them from Spain.
1492
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Exchange of goods, people, animals, diseases, and resources spurred by Christopher Columbus's voyage to the Americas in 1492
1494
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Treaty made by the Pope that divided land "evenly" to Spain and Portugal. Spain got one half, Portugal got the other half. Disregarded anyone already inhabiting these lands
1514
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Battle between the Ottomans and the Safavids. Ottomans won - gained control over eastern Anatolia and northern Iraq. The beginning of a 41 year war that ended with the Treaty of Amasya
1517 - 1648
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Sparked by Martin Luther's 95 theses noting the flaws in the Catholic church. He was asked to recant but denied. He saw the problems with the indulgences in the church and he believed salvation was achieved through faith alone. This schism cause a wave of people breaking from the Catholic church and forming a new branch of christianity: Protestantism
1545 - 1648
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In response to the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic church made changes that began with the Council of Trent and ended after the Thirty Year's War. They reformed some elements of the catholic church
1545 - 1563
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Began during the Catholic Reformation. Condemned Protestant heresies.
1600 - 1880
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Movement of people from their homeland
Typically involuntarily.
Trans-Saharan slave trade, Atlantic Slave trade, Expulsion of Jews from Middle East
1600 - 1873
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Both the Dutch and the English had one. Received charters from their governments and were given authority. The British, unlike the Dutch, were never able to monopolize anything.
1600 - 1880
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Typically slave trade between Western Africa, American Colonies, and Europe.
1607
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Virginia. The first successful British colony in the New World. Almost diminished, John Smith maintained it. A ship brought supplies and the colony managed to survive.
1608
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Very crucial location to fur trade. Owned by the French.
1650 - 1750
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REASON.
Aesthetics, ethics, and logic.
1754 - 1763
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Europe, North america, Central American, India, the Philippines, and Western Africa. Began with conflict between Great Britain and the Bourbons which resulted from conflicts over hegemony in the Holy Roman Empire.
1800
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Rangaku. Developed by Japan through contact with the Dutch. Allowed Japan to keep in touch with Western technology and medicine even when it was shut off to the rest of the world.
1453
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End of Byzantine empire. Renamed Istanbul
Mehmed II
1488
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Dias told to find a route to Asia around the southern tip of Africa.
1492
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Brought the Americas into Global Trade
1502
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Most native slaves died due to poor living conditions on the ships and/or diseases. Europeans traded with Africans for slaves.
1517
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Sparked the Protestant Reformation
1521
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End of the Aztecs. Claimed Mesoamerica for Spain.
1533
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Also claimed Mesoamerica for Spain.
1571
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Holy League defeated the main fleet of the Ottoman Empire. Prevented the Mediterranean sea from becoming a highway for Muslim travelers.
1588
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The British lucky with a storm that wiped out many ships. Signaled the decline of Spanish forces in Europe.
1600
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Cleared the path to the Shogunate for Tokugawa Ieyasu. Unofficial beginning of Tokugawa Bakufu
1607
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First successful British colony in the New World. Almost diminished, ship brought supplies that restored the colony.
1618 - 1648
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Series of wars in Europe. One of the most destructive and longest wars in European history. Began as a religious war, but ended up being a political conflict.
1683
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As Vienna was close to surrendering, another army came in led by a Polish leader and defeated the Ottomans.
1689
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Set clear limits on royal power
1689
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Treaty determining China and Russian border