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Use Cases
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1800
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1868
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The Meiji Restoration , also known as the Meiji Ishin, Renovation, Revolution, Reform or Renewal, was a chain of events that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji. Although there were emperors of Japan before the Meiji Restoration, the restoration established the practical abilities and consolidated the political system under the Emperor of Japan. The goals of the restored government were expressed by the new emperor in the Charter Oath.
The Restoration led to enormous changes in Japan's political and social structure, and spanned both the late Edo period (often called Late Tokugawa shogunate) and the beginning of the Meiji period. The period spanned from 1868 to 1912 and was responsible for the emergence of Japan as a modernized nation in the early twentieth century.
1884 - 1885
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The Berlin Conference of 1884-85 regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period, and coincided with Germany's sudden emergence as an imperial power.
1889
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Spanish American War- War fought between the US and Spain in Cuba and the Philippines. It lasted less than 3 months and resulted in Cuba's "independence" as well as the US annexing Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
February 12, 1912
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Hsian-T’ung, the last emperor of China, is forced to abdicate following Sun Yat-sen’s republican revolution. A provisional government was established in his place, ending 267 years of Manchu rule in China and 2,000 years of imperial rule. The former emperor, only six years old, was allowed to keep up his residence in Beijing’s Forbidden City, and he took the name of Henry Pu Yi.
July 28, 1914 - November 11, 1918
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MILITARISM was one of the four major causes of the war. It was an
“arms race.” Because Britain had a large navy, Germany wanted a large
navy too. Germany and France competed to build larger armies. Many
nations introduced “universal conscription” (the draft), even in times of
peace. For reasons of prestige and self-defense, the more one nation built
up its army and navy, the more other nations felt they had to do the same.
The expense of the “arms race” fell on civilian populations in the form of
high taxes. Between 1870 and 1914, all of the major powers except Great
Britain and the United States, doubled the size of their armies.
ALLIANCES For twenty years, the nations of Europe had been making
alliances. It was thought the alliances would promote peace. Each country
would be protected by others in case of war, making it foolish for one
country to wage war on another. The danger of these alliances was that an
argument between two countries could draw all the other nations allied with
them into a fight. This is just what happened when a conflict between
Austria-Hungary and Serbia led to World War I. In the summer of 1914
there were two alliances. The Triple Alliance composed of Germany,
Austria-Hungary, and Italy, stood opposed to the Triple Entente composed
of Britain, France, and Russia.
IMPERIALISM Another cause of World War I was that European
nations ruled smaller countries, called colonies, and competed with each
other to amass more colonies. Gathering colonies is known as IMPERIALISM.
The purpose of imperialism was and is to build up national wealth and
influence by owning colonies. Both France and Britain had many colonies in
Africa and Asia. In the 1880s and 1890s, Germany and Italy decided they
wanted a colonial empire too. This global competition for land caused
confrontations and conflicts in many places. For example, Great Britain
almost went to war with France and the United States during the 1880s over
colonies.
NATIONALISM In addition to political conflicts, the causes of the war
included such forces as nationalism, or pride in one’s country. The belief that
one’s own nation or culture is superior to all others, nationalism led
European nations to compete to build the largest army and navy. It also
gave groups of subject peoples the idea of forming independent nations of
their own. Serbians, Czechs, Slovaks, Bosnians and many other peoples
living under the rule of the Ottoman or Austro-Hungarian Empires wanted
freedom from “foreign” rule.
7 May 1915
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RMS Lusitania was a British ocean liner that was sunk on 7 May 1915 by a German U-boat 11 miles (18 km) off the southern coast of Ireland. The sinking presaged the United States declaration of war on Germany two years later.
1917
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The Russian Revolution of 1917 was one of the most explosive political events of the twentieth century. The violent revolution marked the end of the Romanov dynasty and centuries of Russian Imperial rule. During the Russian Revolution, the Bolsheviks, led by leftist revolutionary Vladimir Lenin, seized power and destroyed the tradition of csarist rule. The Bolsheviks would later become the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
10 January 1920
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The Treaty of Versailles was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers.
December 30, 1922 - December 26, 1991
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Stalin-Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet politician who led the Soviet Union from the mid–1920s until 1953 as the general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and premier of the Soviet Union.
Ussr-The Soviet Union, officially known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, was a federal sovereign state in northern Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991. Nominally a union of multiple national Soviet republics, in practice its government and economy were highly centralized.