in modern "fee simple" form

Hunting, trapping, fishing, gathering are severely curtailed by "civilian shield" of Planter farms. Animal populations are reduced by lack of access to forage and migration routes. Traditional economy collapses within a generation.

Created to respond to economic collapse caused by enclosure of land

Also 1990 (R vs. Sparrow), 1997 (Delgamuukw), 1998 (Mitchell), 1999 (Marshall)