The Early Modern Era (1450-1750) Part 1

The Renaissance was a period of cultural revival in Europe from the early 14th century to the late 16th century. Art, literature, and music flourished during this time period due to the fact that composers like Johann Sebastian Bach, painters such as Pieter Bruegel the Elder, and playwriters such as William Shakespeare contributed to the different aspects of culture. To add on, Europe's economy, army, and government also flourished.

Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer who was funded by the King and Queen of Spain to make a series of voyages from Spain to the Indies. He made a total of 4 voyages to what he thought were the Indies, which today we know were the Americas. His 4 voyages occurred from the late 15th century to the early 16th century. Even though Columbus helped colonize the Americas, it came at the cost of millions of Native American's lives. About 90% of the Native Americans that Columbus encountered died from diseases that he and his men (crew) brought, while the others died from harsh treatment while being slaves.

The Triangular Trade was a trading system between Africa, the Americas, and Europe from the early 16th century to the late 18th century. It consisted of the trade of animals, plants, other goods, and slaves. For example, sugar and cotton was sent from the Americas to Europe, slaves were sent from Africa to Europe and the Americas, and rum was sent from Europe to Africa. This trading system innovated the way that countries traded with each other.

The Indian Ocean Trade Network created trade routes between Africa and Asia to trade crops as well as other goods. It really helped facilitate trade between the two continents from the early 16th century to the mid 17th century.

Martin Luther was a German professor of theology. He began the Reformation and challenged the Roman Catholic Church and the pope himself after he read Saint Paul's Epistle, which said that salvation came from faith. He realized that the Roman Church was disregarding this fact, since they said that salvation came from doing good deeds.

The Reformation was a religious revolution between the Protestants and the Roman Catholics from the early 16th century to the mid 17th century. It was led by a theology professor called Martin Luther. He challenged the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and their teachings of the Bible.

Suleiman the Magnificent was the most successful sultan of the Ottoman empire. He helped greatly expand the Ottoman Empire into parts of Africa, Europe, and Asia. The golden age of the Ottoman Empire occured under his rule because the economy and trade among under things thrived while he was sultan.

The Mughal Empire was founded by Babur, a Muslim descendant of Ghenghis Khan, in South Asia. Babur founded the empire after he invaded India from Central Asia and triumphed over the final Muslim sultan of Delhi, India. Babur and his descendents had complete control over a large part of India. The Mughal Empire lasted from the early 16th century to the mid 19th century.

The Scientific Revolution was an intellectual movement that occurred in Europe from the mid 16th century to the late 17th century. It was a result of people challenging concepts about the world that were well-accepted. Furthermore, it led to advancements in science because people began to prove that natural causes explained everything that happened in the universe. Modern science and what we know about the universe today is greatly influenced by the Scientific Revolution.

The Enlightenment was a philosophical movement that occurred in Europe from the late 17th century to the early 19th century. During this movement, certain individuals questioned aspects of society and life. The movement was influenced by the Scientific Revolution and by religious warfare between Protestants and Catholics.