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Use Cases
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Resources
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Pricing
1892
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The pledge was created by Francis Bellamy and published into The Youth's Companion. His goal was for the saying to be used by citizens everywhere.
1923
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The words, "the Flag of the United States of America" were added.
1940
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Walter Gobitis (he was a Jehovah Witness) claim was that he and other students should not have to salute the flag. The school's response was that the requirement for students to salute the flag does not violate the First Amendment. The court's decision was to uphold the law requiring the students to salute the flag.
1943
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A group of Jehovah Witness students refused to salute flag and were sent home for noncompliance. They were threatened with reform schools that were used for criminal children and the parents could be charged for causing juvenile delinquency. In court, they overruled Minersville V Gobitis, saying the previous ruling was unconstitutional.
1954
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Eisenhower encouraged the pledge to include the words "under God"
2014
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An unidentified family of a student in Boston claimed that reciting the pledge violated their Equal Rights Amendment. They claimed that religion was affiliated with the pledge. The Massachusetts Supreme Court ruled that religion has nothing to do with the pledge and that the phrase "under God" is a patriotic one, not a religious one.