EME 5054

Elder Sophists (Protagoras of Abdera, Gorgias of Leontini, Prodikos, Hippias, and Thrasymachus) shared the common believe individuals have extensive knowledge within them that need cultivation (Saettler, p. 26).

Pierre Abelard introduced the scholastic method (Saettle, p.28).

Beginning in 1627, Johann Amos Comenius, laid the foundation comprehensiveness of educational instruction (Saettle, p. 31)

The Lancasterian system established the first step towards public schools (Saettler, p. 33-36).

Johann Pestalozzi connected learning to real-world experiences (Saettler, p.36).

Around 1826, the idea of kindergarten was developed by a teacher named, Fredrich Frobel (Saettler, p. 43).

Instructional media were primarily used in school museums and later in the school system in New York (Reiser p. 56).

In 1943, the United State military who began utilizing instructional design and instructional media (Reiser, p. 57)

Michael Scriven constructed formative and summative evaluation methods to assess the effectiveness of instructional materials (Reiser, p.61)

Instructional television was introduced as a medium for providing instruction (Reiser, p.58)

During the early 1970s, educational technology and instructional technology replaced the term audiovisual instruction. (Reiser, p. 61).

(Additional Research) In 1978, one of the Dick, Carey, and Carey model was introduced (Reiser& Dempsey 2012).

Throughout the 1980s and 90's the business, industry, and military saw the increased value of instructional design (Reiser, p. 60, 64).

Distance learning increases in higher education (Reiser, p. 61).

(Additional Research) Instructional design has grown to include innovative/interactive aspect like games and simulators (Hertel & Millis, p. 6)