BIG 9 SOCIAL IDENTIFIERS

freedom of speech, religion, press, right to assemble and petition.

abolishment of slavery, except for punishment for a crime.

definition of citizenship

prohibits denial of suffrage on the basis of race.

interracial marrying would result in imprisonment, overturned in 1967 Loving v. Virginia

segregation

women's suffrage - right to vote.

upheld the constitutionality of ordering Japanese into internment camps regardless of citizenship, not declared an error until 2011

prohibited racial segregation of transportation facilities

state laws prohibiting interracial marriage are unconstitutional

federal law bars all racial discrimination in sale or rental of property

age - right to vote for 18 or older

upheld constitutionality of a state's denial of a civil marriage license to a same-sex couple

abortion

program was unconstitutional because of its use of quotas, but public universities may take race into account as a factor in admissions decisions.

barred open gay, lesbian, and bisexual people from the military, was repealed in 2011

forbids the federal government from recognizing same-sex unions and says that states do not have to recognize same-sex unions performed in other jurisdictions

a law school's limited "affirmative action" as a practice is constitutional

race in university admission - to be decided