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3500 BC - 1800 BC
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Economy – Each state and a small city surrounded by farm and the cities worked as a distribution center for the crops produced by farming. The cities had trades workers such as pottery makers, stone cutters, bricklayers, metal smiths, weavers and leather workers.
Politics- Sumer had one of the earliest forms of monarchy. Land areas were divided into states which were controlled by a type of Priest / King called Sumerian
Status of Women- Although Sumerian women did not get to go to school, they did have many rights. They were able to buy and sell property, run businesses, and own and sell slaves. Although a woman handles the house's affairs when the man was away, the men were the head of the Sumerian household.
Accomplishments- The sumerians invented astrology and the calendar/ They created writing for record keeping and developed a system of Law.
Religion- The Sumarians believed in and worshipped many Gods. Their Gods resembled people.
Geography- Sumer was in Mesopotamia. The Sumarian states were found near the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
2400 BC - 2200 BC
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Ancient Semitic Civilization
Economy: Akkad- The capital of the Akkadian empire
Geography: Mesopotamian region along the Tigris and Euphrates
2400 BC - 612 BC
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Religion – Ashurism
Geography – North Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
2400 BC - 612 BC
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Religion – Ashurism
Geography – North Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
2400 BC - 612 BC
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Religion – Ashurism
Geography – North Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
2300 BC
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City of the Akkadian empire, built around 2300 BC
1900 BC - 2013 CE
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Economy- It was an agriculturally based economy, most were farmers, herders, fishers. Live-stock, fruits vegetables, wheat and other goods dominated the trade. Things such as ceramics and jewelry were produced by local merchants. Israel was in a good spot for trade because it was along the Silk Road. (A good trading route) The coins were called shekels.
Politics- Ishbaal- 1000-993 BC
Jerobam- 931-910 BC
909- Nadab
909-886- Baasah
885-Elah
885- Zimri
Status of Women- Women cannot be priests, their parents arranged their marriage, Women could keep their own property. Women had some rights, however if the man was unable to pay his debts, the wife would have to be sold into slavery with him. She was expected to have a son so the man’s name and lineage could be passed down. That was the most common reason for divorce; if his wife could not have a son.
Accomplishments- The concept of God, that he is a Supreme Being. The bible and the 10 Commandments, which is the foundation of Western Civilization.
Religion- The Israelites believed that God was the one and only God and he was the Supreme Being.
Geography- Along the Silk Road, extended from China all the way over Asia to Egypt.
1766 BC - 1050 BC
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Economy: serf and slaves did the most work harvesting crops and weaving silk into cloth. Artisans made weapons, vessels and jewelry.
Politics:
Last king during the shang dynasty
King Zhou 1075 to 1046 bc
Accomplishments: pottery, potters wheel, industrialized bronze casting; chinese script, mad reports on diseases.
Status of women: women were expected to obey fathers husbands and sons
Marriages arranged between age 13 to 16.
Religion: spirits of family ancestors had the power to bring good luck to a family; sacrifices to family spirit; spirit contacted the gods
Geography: natural barriers isolated China from other civilizations such as the pacific ocean, Gobi desert and Himalayan mountains
1600 BC - 1200 BC
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1500 BC - 300 BC
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1450 BC - 323 BC
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Economy: Crafts, pottery, metalworking.. soil was harsh so agriculture was not successful
Politics: Alexander I - 450 BC to 310 BC
Alexander the Great- 336BC to 323 BC
Status of Women: the role in society was essential, but often they were treated poorly; marriage arranged by that parents; job was to raise children and tend to the house and needs of husband. Educated at home, not school. Women were owned.
Accomplishments: Philosophy, drama, pottery, the arts, Athens was the intellectual center of Greece
Religion: polytheism; many gods and goddesses revered and worshiped. Hierarchy of deities; believed in an underworl where spirits went after death.
Geography: peninsula, extends into the Mediterranean sea. Mountainous with many gulfs and bays, much of Greece is stony and suitable as pastures for animals. Other areas good for growing olives, dates, barley.
1200 BC - 272 AD
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Economy: farmers, wheat rice cotton and salt. They traded spices like cinnamon
Politics: Maurya ancient Indian dynasty, 325 to 183 bc
Status of Women: women held important position in ancient India. They were equal to men
Accomplishments: invention of zero and the word algorithm ; art of navigation, math came from india
Religion: Hinduism and Buddhism
Geography: land of extremes; drought or monsoon. Land fertile with many rivers; many different terrains
625 BC - 476 AD
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Economy- not complex, farmers, and slave based economy. Agriculture and trade supplemented by a small amount of industrial production such as mining.
Politics: rulers: Augustus, ruled from 27 bc to 14 ad
Nero, ruled from 54 ad to 68 ad
Marcus Aurelius: 161 ad to 180 ad
Status of women: women held no direct political power but wealthy women could exert inluence through private negotiations; wife was center of the household but had no right.
Accomplishments: Vast empire that lasted from 625 bc to 476 ad. Latin language from which many other languages developed: French, Spanish, Italian. Alphabet, which is still used today. Great builders of roads and buildings.
Religion: part of daily life for Romans. Each house had a shrine for the families deities. There were many gods.
Geography: mild climate, good farmland, strategic location; located on Italian peninsula helped with trade by ship. Built cities on hills and farmed at the bases. Close to the Mediterranean sea and had many trade routes.