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1516
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Concordat of Bologna was an agreement between French king Francis I and Pope Leo X where France was to remain Catholic and the Pope could collect church income and the king could choose church officials.
1559 - 1589
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Catherine de Medici ruled for her three sons in France and was not a successful politique due to the St. Batholomew's Day Massacre.
1572
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St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre was thought to have been instigated by Catherine de Medici to kill off Huguenot groups. Pope Gregory XIII sent the king a Golden Rose and ordered a hymn of praise.
1589 - 1610
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"Paris is well worth the mass." Henry IV switched religions from Catholicism to Protestant. Edict of Nantes gave Calvinists the right to practice their religion. Henry IV was a politique because he allowed Huguenots their rights. Henry IV was assassinated by a Catholic fanatic by being stabbed to death.
1610 - 1643
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Louis turned power over to Richelieu who was his Prime Minister. The French Academy was established by Richelieu to help the French language. Nobles had no fun and no castles. Richelieu wanted increase power to Hapsburgs and destroy the Huguenots.
1618 - 1648
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Richelieu sent troops and wanted to have Balance of Power against Hapsburgs. "By the time this is over, France is the strongest country in Europe."
1643 - 1715
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"I am the state." Bad with economics- useless titles to pay for useless wars. Control of nobles- Versailles, exclude from councils, tax exempt. Control of Huguenots- convert to Catholicism.
1702 - 1713
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The War of Spanish Succession was to decide who will gain the throne next. Ended with Treaty of Utretch.
1715 - 1774
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Madame de Pompadour. Rococo.
1748
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The government is based off of weather.
1756 - 1763
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France and Russia vs Prussia (off continent) and Austria vs Prussia (on continent). All American territories east of Mississippi to Britain
1759
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Defender of free speech. Hates Catholic church.
1762
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Theory of General Will was that people could overthrow the government if they want to. Theory of education was that children should learn on their own.
1774 - 1792
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Marie Antonette. Madame deficit. Spent money. Killed for treason.
1776 - 1783
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France helped in the American Revolution to get back at Britain. They suffered tremendous money loss.
1789 - 1791
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Abee Sieyes wrote What is third estate. Assignants- new paper currency. Civil Const of the Clergy- church subordinate to the French Gov. Constriction of 1791- constitutional monarchy.
1792 - 1795
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National Convention, Committee of Public Safety- 12 man council. Reign of Terror ran by COPS. Theridorian Reacion- backlash against Robespierre.
1795 - 1799
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Group of 5 people who ruled France.
1799 - 1815
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The Concordat of 1801 made Napoleon a Consul. The Napoleonic Code of 1804 was enlightenment because it gave men more rights.
1814 - 1824
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Brother of Louis XVI. Charter of 1814- constitutional monarch, bicameral parliament.
1814 - 1824
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Invasion = bad. 100 Days of Napoleon exile. Battle at Waterloo Napoleon lost.
1815 - 1820
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3 goals were to restore kings to thrones, reparations for war loss, and balance of power. Talleyrand. Leniently
1824 - 1830
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Conservative. July Ordinances- control press, 3/4 French right to vote, dissolve parliament, new election, Charles X knocked off throne
1830
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Against Charles X. Stree barricades cleared troops from Paris. Middle class.
1830 - 1848
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Citizen King. Middles class monarchy. Ignored demands of working class and caused Feb. Rebellions.
1848 - 1852
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Unicameral legislature government. Influence socialism. all males could vote. Louis Napoleon Bonaparte president,
1848
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Against Charles X. Provisional Gov.
1848
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Closed National Workshops. 2nd French Republic.
1848
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Louis Blanc leader of the government. Wanted National workshops. Didn't work.
1465
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Printing Press- spread word faster.
1517
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Luther believed in salvation through faith, priesthood of all believers, and believed God ran the government.
1519 - 1556
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http://faculty.cua.edu/pennington/churchhistory220/lecture14/CharlesVEmpire2Sm.JPG
Universal Monarch. Received Spain from Ferdinand and Isabella and HRE from his grandfather Maximilian . Spain goes to his son Philippe and HRE to his brother Ferdinand.
1521
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It was an assembly in Worms, Germany that addressed Luther and the Reformation. Found Luther a threat to the Catholic Church.
1525
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Peasants said Luther wanted equality for them. Luther meant religious equality, not social. Priesthood of all believers.
1545 - 1563
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It was successful in fixing the Catholic church problems. Counter-Reformation. Fixed church stuff like indulgences, simony, etc.
1546 - 1548
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The Holy Roman Emperor against Schmalkaldic League
1555
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Cuius regio, eius religio. It allowed practices of Lutheranism if the leader of the area was of the same religion
1618 - 1648
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Religious war fought by Protestants and Catholics. France joined to gain more power.
1648
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http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/262/268312/art/figures/KISH_14_330.gif
Agreed to allow princes to chose religion of his territory. Netherlands acknowledged
1806 - 1815
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1815 - 1820
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3 main goals- kings restored to the thrones, balance of power, reparations for war loss. Most of Poland went to Russia who created a Polish Kingdom overlooked by Alexander. Concert of Europe a balance of power.
1815 - 1871
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1600
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Peasant labor
1683
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HRE against Ottomans. Sobieski
1711 - 1740
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Pragmatic Sanction- HRE to his daughter
1740 - 1780
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Reduced labor of serfs
1740 - 1748
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Maria Theresa against Fred II. Fred won Silesia.
1756 - 1763
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France and Russia vs Prussia (off continent) and Austria vs Prussia (on continent). All American territories east of Mississippi to Britain
1765 - 1790
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Son of Maria Theresa. Abolished serfdom, religious tolerance. All his reforms were undone after his death.
1800
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Vienna as the center for European music
1821 - 1848
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Metternich system for censorship. Carlsbad decrees- 38 german member states to root out subersive ideas in university and newspapers. Concert of Europe- balance of power for Europe after Congress of vienna. Hated liberalism and nationalism
1848
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Magyars- liberal gov, bohemian- independence, austrain- liberal gov, italian- independent. Franz Joseph stops rebellions. ancien regime government.
1713 - 1740
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Built up large army.
1740 - 1786
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Ignored Pragmatic Sanction. Accepted Jesuits
1740 - 1748
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Maria Theresa vs Fred II. Fred won Selisia
1756 - 1763
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Austria vs Prussia. Prussia won.
1780 - 1790
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Herder was influential author to the romanticism and german nationalism. sturm and drang movement
1800
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gross deutsch- All german areas included austria. kleine- all german areas without austria.
1830
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History has pattern and purpose. history progressing in clashes
1848
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wanted parliament democracy. offered crown to Fred Wil IV. He refused to accept it. "crown from the gutter"
Political Organization of Italy- City states
Humanism- the belief in people being awesome and not ruled by God.
1450 - 1500
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The Early Renaissance began in Florance, Italy.
1460
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Medici Family. Powerful because they sponsored the arts which increase the prestige of Italy
1476 - 1507
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Son of Alexander VI. Machiavelli admired him because he tried to unify Italy
1478 - 1492
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Ruler of Florence
1494 - 1498
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He was a Friar who was against the Medici family and their ruling.
1500 - 1527
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The High Renaissance was in Rome, Italy
1513
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Better to be feared than loved.
1527
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Charles V invaded Italy ending the Renaissance
1528
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Said how to be a real renaissance man.
1632
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1764
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Treatment of prisoners. Prisoners should have rights.
1800
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Wanted to unify Italy. Young Italy- democracy, neo gulfs-theocracy, sardinians- constitutional monarchy
1815 - 1820
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http://www.cominganarchy.com/wordpress/wp-content/old_uploads/europe1815.jpg
Parts of Italy was taken up by the Austrians
1848
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Giuseppe Mazzini was the leader of young italy who wanted to unify italy under a democracy
1848
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The unification movements in 1848 were unsuccessful because the three groups who wanted to unify Italy wanted a different type of government.
1400 - 1600
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1450 - 1600
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1517 - 1600
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1550 - 1800
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1600 - 1750
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1789 - 1815
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1815 - 1850
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