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Use Cases
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Resources
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Pricing
1400 - 1600
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1450 - 1600
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1517 - 1600
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1550 - 1800
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1600 - 1750
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1789 - 1815
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1815 - 1850
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1516 - 1517
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France was allowed to stay Catholic and appoint biships. Francis I of France.
1559 - 1589
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Queen of France, ruled for her incompetent sons. Not very good at being a politique.
1572
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Catherine de Medici had Huguenots slaughtered. Caused Henry of Navarre to turn Catholic- "Paris is well worth a mass." Pope was super happy.
1589 - 1610
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"Paris is well worth a mass" Changed from Protestant to Catholic a lot so he could keep public support. Killed by religious zealot. Edict of Nantes allowed for Hugeunot pockets. Politique because somewhat religiously tolerant.
1610 - 1643
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Louis turned power to Richelieu. French Academy started to jump start French education. Controlled nobles, tore down castle and never called Estates General. Helped Sweden in 30 yrs War against Hapsburgs. No Huguenot fortification for their towns.
1618 - 1648
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Louis XIII sends French troops to aid Swedish fight against Hapsburgs. "By the time this is over, France is the strongest country in Europe"
1702 - 1713
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Charles II willed the SP throne to Philip of Anjou, grandson of Louis XIV. No body wanted Spance, Ended w/ treaty of Utretch, Philip got to be king of Spain but not France
1715 - 1774
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Rococo art syle, Madame P is famous mistress
1748
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"Spirit of Laws" wanted 3 branches of government, England's government is ideal
1756 - 1763
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Austria, France, Russia aimed to conquer Prussia, Russia called off their attack and Prussia was saved.
1759
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"Candide" "Crush the thing"- on the Catholic church. Strong advocate for free speech
1762
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"Social contract" General Will- people basically good but corrupted. General Will not always majority. Believed children should run wild to learn. Considered against Enlightenment because "man is born free but everywhere he is in chains"
1774 - 1792
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Shy and easily persuaded. Wife is Marie Antoinette- FR didn't like her because she was Austrian and spent tons of money. Charged on treason and hanged.
1776 - 1783
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FR helped to get revenge on the British, got France bankrupt
1789 - 1791
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Abbe Sieyes-"what is the third estate?" Chief political theorist of fr revolution. Helped with transformation to natl assembly
Assignats- money backed by church lands
Civil Constitution of Clergy- France is Catholic again
Constitution of 1791- 1st written constitution of France, after collapse of ancient regime
1792 - 1795
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National convention is ruling body. COPs are secret police-like force that hunted down enemies of the Revolution. Robespierre's reign of terror ended with Thermidorian Reaction.
1795 - 1799
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Stable but corrupt
1799 - 1815
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Concordat of 1801-pope pius vii solidified Roman Catholic Church as majority of French religion
Napoleonic Code allowed for basic freedoms, made laws easier to understand for everyone. Continental System was warfare with Britain.
3 parts of empire-French empire, allied states, dependent states
Peninsular War- Geurilla war w/ Spain
Failed invasion of Russia b/c winter
Hundred Days- brief return from exile
Waterloo- everyone gangs up on Napoleon- his big loss
1814 - 1824
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Grandson of Louis XVI, Charter of 1814 allows for chamber of elected deputies
1815 - 1820
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Balance of power, return of legit monarchs, compensation for war losses. FR's rep is Talleyrand- they went easy on France
1824 - 1830
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Conservative! July Ordinances dissolved chamber of deputies, decreased the number of eligable voters, and controlled all presses. People were pissed
1830
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Against Charles X, FR barracade the streets in Paris-peasants mostly. Charles runs away to England
1830 - 1848
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Called Citizen King and known as the bourgeoisie Monarchy, differenet because he allowed for more voters, tri-color revolutionary flag, and decreased censorship. Ignored demands of working class, and caused Revolution of 1848
1848 - 1852
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Republic takes over (2nd one) All males can vote. President is Louis Napoleon Bonaparte is President. Heavily influenced by socialism.
1848
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Backlash against Louis Philippe. Provisional Coalition government takes over and Louis Blanc gains power w/ his national workshop idea
1848
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Rioting against the closing of nat'l workshops. 2nd French republic comes to power.
1848
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Louis Blanc came to power and wanted government funded national workshops. They worked initially but then failed
1465
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Gutenburg press made widespread publication possible. Most popular book is the Bible. Helped spread of Protestant Revolution
1517
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Believed you can be saved through your faith, priesthood of all believers- everyone is equal in the eyes of God, political conservative
1519 - 1556
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The Universal monarch, inherited land from relatives of SP and HRE, split his land up when he retired to monastery
1521
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Charles V asked Luther to recant, Luther refused and went into hiding.
1525
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Justified their argument for revolting as backed by Luther's teachings. Luther was a political conservative and disapproved
1545 - 1563
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Church effort to clean up their wrong doings. No predetermination, transubstantiation, etc. Mildly effective
1546 - 1548
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Protestant German princes fought Hapsburgs (Catholic) Ended with the Peace of Augsburg which allowed for Lutheranism or Catholicism
1555
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German princes can choose the religion of their areas. "Curius e religio" (sp)
1618 - 1648
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Catholic vs. Protestant (Hapsburgs vs. Europe) over balance of power against the Hapsburgs and religion. France wins
1648
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Ended 30 yrs war. Calvinism acknowledged, german princes are sovereign, independence of united provinces of netherlands
1683
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Who attacked whom- Ottomans attacked the HRE
Who saved the day- Poland
1711 - 1740
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Pragmatic sanction- Charles abdicates and splits the throne between son Philip and brother Ferdinand, starting branches of Hapsburg family
1713 - 1740
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"The Soldier King" makes Prussia the Sparta of the North
1740 - 1786
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Abolished serfom, bureucracy of civil servants, eliminated use of torture, etc.
He takes advantage of the Pragmatic Sanction confusion and invades Selisia which he gets to keep
1740 - 1780
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Reorganized local government by dividing empire into 10 units, reduced amount of work a landholder could demand of a peasant
1740 - 1748
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Frederick marches into Austria against Maris Theresa
Austria wins but
Frederick gets to keep Silesia
1740 - 1748
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Frederick II invades Austria and seizes Silesia which he was able to keep
1756 - 1763
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Austria, FR, Russia aim to conquer Prussia and divide territory. Saved by Peter III calling off invasion- Prussia is saved
1756 - 1763
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Austria, FR, Russia aim to conquer Prussia and divide territory. Saved by Peter III calling off invasion- Prussia is saved
1765 - 1790
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Mother is Maria Theresa. Abolished serfdom, peasants can learn things, religous tolerance. Reforms didn't last
1780 - 1790
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German critic, theologian, and philosopher, who was the leading figure of the Sturm und Drang literary movement and an innovator in the philosophy of history and culture. Early Romantic and promoter of German nationalism
1800
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What was this debate? debate over unification of Germany- with or without Austria
1800
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Forced labor
1800
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1806 - 1815
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1815 - 1820
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3 goals- balance of power, restoration of monarchs to the throne, compensation for war losses. Poland is big issue esp. for Russia and Alexander.
Concert of Europe- Congress system for balance of power after Napleonic Wars
1815 - 1871
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1821 - 1848
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Metternich System-political and religious censorship, espionage, and the suppression of revolutionary, nationalist movements
Carlsbad Decrees- root out subversives in their universities and newspapers.
Concert of Europe- congress system for balance of power after Napoleonic Wars
2 things he hates- nationalism and liberalism
1830
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Theory of progression of history- series of conflicts and resolution. Necessary clashes
1848
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People wanted more liberal constitution. Government is taken over by Franz Joseph in 1848 who reasserts the ancient regime
1848
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What did they want? New constitution
To whom did they offer the crown? Frederick William IV
What happened? He denied it because it was offered by elected representatives of the people- not rulers. "Crown from the gutter"
1400
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Many city states ruled independently
1450 - 1500
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Began in Florence. Developed into High and Low.
1460
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Ruled by Medici- powerful bankers
1476 - 1507
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Ruthless ruler/conqueror, admired for being perfect "New Monarch"
1478 - 1492
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Powerful member of Medici family, helped bring Renaissance to Italy
1494 - 1498
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Tried to expose wrongdoings of Medicis, ended up being burned at the stake
1500 - 1527
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Occurred in Rome
1500
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study of Ancient Greece and Rome, idea that humans can contribute/make progress
1513
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The Prince- a ruler should be ruthless, unforgiving, good at war. "Better to be feared than loved"
1527
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Charles V invaded, causing end of Renaissance in Italy
1528
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The Courtier- description of the idea Renaissance man
1632
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Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems- Catholic Church hated him for his discoveries with his perfected telescope- the earth isn't the center of the universe
1764
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On Crime and Punishment- argument for no capital punishment
1815 - 1820
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3 goals- compensation for war losses, restoration of monarchs back to thrones, balance of power in Europe. France got buffer states, some near Italy, some land went to Austria.
http://www.cominganarchy.com/wordpress/wp-content/old_uploads/europe1815.jpg
1815
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Effort for Italian unification, started by the "coal burners"
3 groups- Young Italy, Sardinians, Neo Guelfs
1848
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Leader of group Young Italy. Wanted Italian democracy
1848
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Unification movements unsuccessful because none of the groups ever united for a cause