APWH Semester Timeline Project

A small settlement in mesopotamia that was repeatedly torn down and rebuilt which at its peak held 10,000 people.

Mohenjo_Daro and Harrapa dominated the Indus valley between 3000-1500 BCE. They used the Indus and monsoons to fertilize their fields but they were very unpredictable. Harrapa most likely fell to natural disaster.

The time at which most of Egypt's massive monuments were built. including the pyramid of Giza and royal tombs.

One of the first chinese dynasties that organized china on a large scale. The dynasty was said to be founded by sage-king Yu who order large scale public work projects.

The time at which the Cult of Osiris rose to become the popular religion. The first leader of the middle kingdom was mentuhotep II.

A chinese dynasty that developed bronze metallurgy as well as chariots and other technologies.

The new kingdom developed and eleaborate bureaucracy, held 4 million people, and built numerous temples as well as monuments to their power.

The "rubber people" who developed the rubber ball, traded jade and obsidian and built large ceremonial temples and capitols.

The chinese dynasty that over threw the shang and created the mandate of heaven. The zhou fell due to their inability to maintain control of their land.

An religion that engulfed most of mordern Peru but no evidence suggests what purpose the religion served. Some theories say the cult worshipped and fertility god and another say that the cult worshipped an agricultural god.

the largest empire the world had seen at the time, the Achaemenid empire was founded by Cyrus and expanded into mesopotamia and parts of india, africa, and anatolia.

The roman republic preceeded the roman empire and was an aristocratic republic. The republic had a constitution and a civil and military consul.

An era in china after the collapse of the Zhou where chinese states constantly battle with no one person taking total power.

One of the first empires to unify India and its tribes.

The heirs of the Olmecs, the Maya were large mesoamerican civilization that built many lareg ceremonial centers and cities including Tikal and teotihuacan.

The qin dynasty temporally restored order to china through centralizied rule but the qin dynasty quickly fell to rebellion.

The dynasty was founded by Liu Bang and replaced the qin dynasty. Like the qin the Han used a centralizied government but instead educated young men from wealthy families in confucian schools to prepare then for government work.

The roman empire shifted from a republic to an empire when julius caesar took control of the empire. From then on the empire was ruled by a emporer.

The next major dynasty to reunify India and bring peace for a while.

The empire that replaced eastern Rome and became one of the most significant empires and trading empire in afro-eurasia at its time.

One of the first african kingdoms who converted to christianity. Christianity came to axum through trade and soon the merchants had converted, soon followed by the royals and the common people.

The first empire to return order to china after the fall of the han dynasty.The sui created the grand canal and set the stage for the song and tang.

The Tang created the equal-field system, established the bureacracy of merit, and foreign relations. The tang also expanded into tibet, vietnam, and korea.

The first dynasty after the death of muhammad and the assassination of ali. The umayyad would evantually be brought down by Abu al-abbas and his rebellion.

The nara period was a time when a japanese clan claimed imperial control and modeled itself after the chinese dynasties.

The caliphate that rebelled against and toppled the umayyad dynasty; Led by Abu al-abbas.

The time at which the Fujiwara familiy ruled Japan.

The chinese dynasty that replaced the tang and created a centralizied government but a weak state. The song fell due to economic crisis and a weak military with unexperienced generals.

A empire that was not holy, roman, or an empire. The holy roman empire was a varying complex of lands that was never really under the control of one ruler.

A large stone swahili city-state that controlled and taxed trade between the coastal and interior areas of east africa.

Established by Mahmud's successors, the sultanate of Delhi was an islamic state that was located in northern India and while it technically ruled that area, they had little control of that area.

Created by Khubilai Khan, the Yuan dynsty was ruled by the mongols and very few chinese had any snese of power. most were treated poorly, unfairly, and saw the mongols as tyrants.

The early ottoman empire was founded by osman and took control of constantinople in 1453. They toppled the byzantine empire and survived untill 1922 when they became the republic of Turkey.

A triple alliances between the mexica, texcoco, and tlacopan. The aztec dominated much of mesoamerica and recieved tribute from tribes across their empire. They were eventually conquered by spain.

A group of people who lived in the highlands of the Andes mountains. They traded with other peoples across present day peru and also established roads across peru.

Groups of nomads found in the steppe lands of central Asia herded animals and domesticated and rode animals.

Oracle bones were an early form of writing in chinese culture. A diviner would write a question on a bone and then thrown it in a fire untill it cracked. the diviner would then read the cracks for an answer.
http://history.cultural-china.com/chinaWH/upload/upfiles/2008-12/03/oraclebones0890949d19c0a91bff80.jpg

The vedas were stories and traditions passed down orally through the sacred sanskrit language and were compiled between 1400-600 BCE.

Upanisheds were discussions of riligious issues between sages and their disciples. These discussions were ussually transmitted by dialogue.

The values and ideas founded by confucius that give social and political structure. The three main ideas are ren (an attitude of kindness and benevolence or sense of humanity), li (A sense of propriety), and xiao (To respect your elders and people above you; filial piety).

a religion of peace that is devoted to understanding natural principals and how to live in harmony.

A form of government focussed on centralizied state that helped end the period of warring states.

A Mayan creation myth that says the gods made humans out of maize and water which made up human flesh and blood.

The faith the formed out of judaism and believes that Jesus was the messiah.

The religion founded by siddartha that says you should enjoy no earthly attachments because the cause suffering and you need to end suffering by following the four noble truths and the eight fold path. once you follow the path you will reach nirvana.

The land bridge known as Beringia helped migrants in Siberia migrate to the Americans. these people became the native americans and mesoamericans.

The first agricultural revelution led to the development of towns, villages, and eventually cities.

The discovery of bronze metalurgy led to new tools and weapons as well as new trade items.

The Bantu people moved from west Africa into east, central and southern Africa during this period. They spread the Bantu language and developed iron metallurgy.

Iron metalurgy was refined in 1300 BCE by the Hitite and soon replaced bronze as the metal of choice.

The trade routes that crossed eurasia and carried goods such as silk, spices, and gold.

A time in rome in which a long period of peace was enjoyed.

Rebellions formed by peasants wearing yellow turbans who wanted the land ditribution fixed. the rebels weakend the han and contributed to their collapse.

Germanic tribes started to attack and raid the romans in 224 and eventually took the western half of rome.

Diocletian split the empire into two halfs to help govern the empire and maintain more control.

Constantine moved the capitol of rome to constantinople after he consolidated his grip. Constantinople was built on a strategic penisula between asia and europe.

After repeated germanic invasions as well as civil unrest the western half of rome fell and many historians see this as the fall of rome.

Justinian's code was a review and codification of roman law. Justinian called it corpus iurus civilus or the body of the civil law. This civil law code has influenced the civil law codes of modern countries.

Commissioned by Justinian, the Hagia Sophia was originally and christian church but was converted yto an islamic mosque when the turks conguered the city.

The civil service examinations were used by the han, sui, and tang. Young men were educated and tested in preperation for government jobs.

Block printing was the arrangement of blocks with ink rolled on them and pressed to paper. Ths became more common and prevelant during the tang dynasty.

Fast ripening rice was discpvered by the chinese when they expanded into Vietnam. This new form of rice allowed for peasants to grow two crops a year and have a surplus of food.

People across afro-eurasia figured out how to use the monsoon winds and were soon trading across the indian ocean. this created large wealthy port-cities.

Muhammad under went a spiritual transformation in 610 ce and recieved messages, visions, and revelations from the archangel Gabriel and was told to spread his revelations.

The grand canal was built by the sui dynasty and served as means of trading and transportation.The canal allowed merchants too move north and south on the water.

The migration of Muhammad and some of his followers from mecca to medina.

A battle between Charles martel and the franks against an islamic army. The franks ultimately won the battle and stopped any further advancement from the iberian peninsula.

The trade route across the sahara between the arabs and west africa. Camels were often used to traverse the desert because of how suited they were to the desert.

Chinese merchants needed an alternative form of payment instead of coins and bronze. Small printed notes were soon used in return for cash deposits. Eventually the Qing dynasty took control of the production of paper money.

Neo- Cunfianism was the mixing of confucian and buddhist ideas that was backed by the song dyansty.

The schism was a split in the Christian church between the roman catholics and eastern orthodox christians. this split was caused by infighting about rights and powers of either side of the church.

The norman duke, William the conquerer invaded england and established himself as the king. He created a centralizied fule and retained many anglo-saxon instituions.

The reconquista of sicily and spain was an effort by the christians to reclaim their lands. The christians battle the islamic armies for years before the christians fully reclaimed their land from the muslims and reestablished christianity.

The seljuq turks defeated the byzantine empire and captured the byzantine emperor.

The crusades were a series of conquests and wars that were meant to recapture holy lands and establish christianity. They usually failed and the fourth one ended with crusaders sacking constantinople.

The mongols defeated the abbasid empire and sacked baghdad in an effort to expand even further than they had. The city was looted and killed two hundred thousand residents.

The first outbreak occured in southwestern china and was spread by mongol armies and merchants moving west across eurasia. The bubonic plague reached the black sea in 1346 and italy in 1347. By 1348, the whole mediterranean basin was infected with the plague.

A series of conflicts between england and france. After each conflict one empire or the other would tak land from the other. It went back and forth untill england was forced to become an island isolated empire.

The plague reached the black sea from china in 1340 were it spread to Italy then the rest of the mediterranean. Eventually most of europe was infected as well as parts of northern africa.

Yongle commissioned an encylopedia to be made of all chinese history, philosophy, and literature. it took up 23,000 manuscript rolls and was supposed to be printed but was not because of the enormus expense.

Zheng He's voyages were brought to an end when A new emperor decided to end the expeditions because of the impending mongol attack.

Sultan Mehmed II captured and sacked constantinople. It was renamed to Istanbul and would remain so to this day.