Chapter 3 Section 1

The Indus civilization flourished for over 700 years covering the largest area of land until the rise of Persia more than 1000 years later. Scholars do not know for sure what happened to the civilization, but they believe it wasn't through invaders, but from Mother Nature.

The Aryan Civilization began when waves of nomads migrated slowly with their herds of cattle and horses from Central Asia, traveling through the mountain passes into northwestern India.

The Vedic Age was when Aryan priests memorized and recited the Vedas before they ever wrote down their sacred teachings.

At about this time, the Aryans learned to make tools out of iron, for example, axes and weapons.

By this time, the written language Sanskrit, what Aryan priests used to write sacred texts with, grew in literary usage.

Wheeler had led one of England's first university archaeology departments, run a museum, headed the first archaeological excavation to use trained volunteers rather than paid laborers, and inspired thousands of people to visit his research sites.

Sometime in the 1920's, archaeologists unearthed bricks, small clay seals, figurines, and other artifacts dissimilar from any style ever seen before by digging in the Indus Valley of Pakistan.

Sometime in the 1940's, Mortimer Wheeler, the archaeologist, excavated the twin capitals of the Indus Civilization and realized how advanced their government was.