Term 1

2 men claiming to be pope splits Europe

both "popes" step down
Martin V become pope- begins healing process

ruler in france- royal army (permanent standing), high taxes on imported goods

church weakened. Fr king can appt. bishops and affirmed authority of church council over pope

started by Portugal

yorks vs. lancaster

friar who gained control from Medici in Florence, but was executed for drastic beliefs

fell to Otto. Turks

b/t Venice and Milan- both gained land and stopped fighting

encouraged commerce and industry

friar who begins Lutheranism

religious reformer
influences calvin

from Spain

Moores out of Spain

brings new things and opens curiosity

Pope Alexander VI divides world b/t Spain and Portugal

founded church of England due to personal not spiritual beliefs

begins calvinism TULIP

Julius II calls
fails due to lack of foreign bishops

b/t Fr I and Leo X- reaffirmed Prag. but pope can collect 1st yrs tax on bishops and affirmed power of papacy

posted

Johann Eck v. Luther

list of grievances by peasants. think Luther will support, but doesn't- leads to massive kills of peasants

called by Charles V

Henry writes after hearing of Martin Luther
becomes "defender of the faith" by Leo X

by Loe X

Charles V mad at Clement for shifting to support French in Haps-Val wars

prot and cath meet to discuss differences.

religious diet
prot attend and agree on 13 pts

Melanchton (Luther followers) helps write official teachings

passed by Par.
forbid appeal of any court case going to Rome

strengthens absolutism
expansion- siberia

king/monarch is head of church of england

clergy had to submit to king

gains land for king and can sell for profit
uses money for army

largest political/ religious uprising in Eng.

Charles V
reaffirms Cath. doctrine, tridentine doctrine,

allowed lutheran teachings to spread

French rulers

restores catholicism- kills prot.
marries Phillip of Spain

stops fighting b/t imperial army and schmalkaldic league
recognizes lutheranism
give right for princes to choose religion over land

b/t Ferdinand (HRE) and Philip II (Spain)

Elizabethan Settlement- outward allegiance to church of england, anything in private
39 Articles

son of Hen and Cath
ruled during rise of calvinism

ruled during rise of calvinism in france

Prot Neth revolts against Cath Sp.

b/t ottos and Euro fleat (holy league- Haps(sp), Venice, and pope)
HL victory
otto threat gone in West Med

wedding of Hen Nav and Marg.
Massacre of Huguenots

war of the 3 henrys

(Roman Catholic) Spanish Netherlands

(Calvinist) United Provinces of the Netherlands est.

stop support of Dutch

rel tolerance for Huguenots in some cities
implies Cath official rel

civil wars after the Terrible's death

aids Louis XIV

chosen among Boyars after civil wars

Ferdinand II- victory for Catholics

wars fought in HRE b/t port and cath

Christian VI (Prot) v. Albert of Wallenstine (Cath- imperial army)
Catholic victory

all lands lost by Cath to Prot given back

Huguenots could not live behind walls, but not outlawed

Aldolphus(prot)- lead many Prot victories
ends in Catholic victory

battle- p victory, Ald. killed

C- victory

(International Phase)
French on P side

ends 30 years war

series of revolts by nobles

westernized Russia- technology from Europe for expansion and army

as far as Ottos will go.
lose battle and begin getting pushed back

stops religious freedom for huguenots

Russia v. Sweden
peter v. Charles XII

Charles II left Philip of Anjou(Hapsburg) as heir to Spain, but Great Alliance (England, Holland, Austria and Prussia) didn't want that

turning point for Russia

Phil becomes king of Spain
Austria gains Sp. Neth
Eng gains N Am lands

Russia gains Baltic states and sea port