Western cultural History Timeline

challenge 2 western cultural history timeline

Main

Roman Empire

500 bc - 400

middle ages

400 - 1500

Ars Antiqa

1150 - 1300

early/classic gothic form

1150 - 1250

renaissance

1200 - 1650

late gothic

1280 - 1500

Reformation

1430 - 1700

events of the middle ages

rule of benedict

480 - 547

benedictian rule over rome
(dates not approximate)

justinian rule

527 - 565

the Justinian rule over the roman empire

hagia Sophia consecrated

537

Hagia Sophia consecrated in Constantinople

Pope Gregory I- time as pope

590 - 604

Alcuin

735 - 804

became Charlemagne's advisor

Charlemagne

742 - 814

became king of france in 768
crowned by pope leo III on christmas day of 800

Palatin chapel consecrated

805

norman invasion

1066

Winchester cathedral built

1079 - 1093

built beetween these dates

chapel of saint john buit

1080

chapel of saint john in the white tower of the tower of london

Durham cathedral began

1093

Pope at the height of papal power

1100 - 1300

the pop is the most effective mideival monarch

john of salisbury

1115 - 1180

Building of the Abbey of saint-denis

1140

abbot suger supervised the building

saint Francis

1182 - 1226

cathedral of chartres began

1194

Aquinas

1225 - 1274

Arnolfo

1232 - 1302

Santa maria Novella

1278 - 1360

Ambrogio lorenzetti

1290 - 1348

painted allegory of good and bad government (1338)

Andrea Pisano

1290 - 1348

Guillame de Machaut

1300 - 1377

medieval french poet and composer

John Wycliffe

1320 - 1384

Francesco Landini

1325 - 1397

was an Italian composer, organist, singer, poet and instrument maker.

john Huss

1369 - 1415

influenced by wycliffe

loggia

1376 - 1382

Lorenzo Ghiberti

1378 - 1455

Council of constance

1414 - 1418

jean duc de berry painted

1415

painted by the limbourgh brothers
painted in the council chamber in the great Palazzo Pubblico in siena

Events of the roman empire

Roman empire

500 bc

Socrates

469 bc - 399 bc

Aristotle

384 bc - 322 bc

Chrysippus

279 bc - 206 bc

cicero

106 bc - 43 bc

julius ceaser

100 bc - 44 bc

Virgil

70 bc - 19 bc

roman poet, friend of Augustus
wrote Aeneid
after 12 bc became head of the state religion

cult of mitha reached rome

67 bc

the cult of mitha (?), a popular Persian form of zorvastrianism(?) reached rome

octavian

63 bc - 14 ad

later called ceaser Augustus
grand nephew of ceaser, came to power after him

Plutarch

50 ad - 120

Ptolemy (active)

121 ad - 151 ad

Tertullian

160 - 240

Cyprian

200 - 258

reign of Diocletran

284 - 305

Euclid (active)

300

christianity became a legal religion

313

Ambrose of milan

339 - 397

jerome

347 - 419

Augustine

354 - 430

Ambrose bishop of milan

374 - 397

christianity became the official state religion of the empire

381

division of the roman empire

395

separation of the roman empire in to the east and west divisions

renaissance

cimabue

1240 - 1302

Dante

1265 - 1321

refers to Giotto in "the divine comedy" 1300-1320
wrote "LA Vita Nuova"
married in 1285

Giotto

1267 - 1337

Giotto's first great work

1304

produced in padua
designed the bell tower, the campanile, next to the cathedral of florence

petrarch

1304 - 1374

Boccaccio

1313 - 1375

Florentine chancellor salutat.

1331 - 1406

cathedral in florence

1334 - 1337

brunelleschi

1337 - 1446

john huss of bohemia, professor-uni. of prague

1369 - 1415

professor at the university of prague, burned at the stake july 16th, 1415

Bruni

1370 - 1444

Campin

1378 - 1444

masolino

1383 - 1447

Donatello

1386 - 1466

Jan van Eyck

1390 - 1441

Guillame Dufay

1400 - 1474

musician

massacio

1401 - 1428

Leone Battista Alberti

1404 - 1472

foquet

1416 - 1480

piero della francesca

1416 - 1492

began work on foundling hospital

1421

said to be the first renaissance building

florence of san lorenzo (church)

1421 - 1434

Adoration of the lamb

1432

Jan van Eyck

medicis

1434

dominated florence since 1434, thrown down by the people a few years before david was made

madonna with chancellor rolin

1436

painted by jan van eyck

church council in florence

1439

church council in Florence discussed relations w/ the eastern orthodox church

Sando Butacelli

1444 - 1510

santo Spirito

1445 - 1482

built from Brunelleschi's design

josquin de prez

1450 - 1521

leonardo da vinci

1452 - 1519

fall of Constantinople

1453

bohemian bretheren founded

1457

antecedents of the Moravian church

fillipino lippi

1457 - 1504

ottaviano petrucci

1466 - 1539

first printer of music

Michelangelo

1475 - 1564

renaissance artist

Raphael

1483 - 1520

vittonia colonna

1490 - 1547

King Francis I of France

1494 - 1547

cellini

1500 - 1571

"david" statue

1504

sculpted by michelangelo

school of athens

1510

painted by raphael

vasari

1511 - 1574

michael angelo's men

1519 - 1536

sculptures of men tearing themselves out of rock

the lives of the painters, sculptors, and architects

1550

Reformation

lorenzo Valla

1409 - 1457

Erasmus or rotterdam

1466 - 1536

helped the reformers by editing the new testament in the original greek (1516)

durer

1471 - 1528

Martin Luther

1483 - 1546

nailed his ninety five thesis to the church door in wittenburg october 31st, 1517

guillame farel

1489 - 1565

johann walther

1496 - 1520

Apocalypse

1498

durer's wood cuts ilustration

thomas tallis

1505 - 1585

Calvin

1509 - 1564

louil bourgeois

1510 - 1570

the knight, death, and the devil

1513

copper engraving, Durer

st jerome in his cell

1514

engraving, durer

theodore beza

1519 - 1605

henry VIII of england broke w/ rome

1534

zwingli, led zurich to break w/ rome

1534

calvin's institutes, written

1536

giovanni gabriel

1557 - 1612

hans leo hassler

1564 - 1612

michael praetorius

1571 - 1621

orlando gibbons

1583 - 1625

heinrich schutz

1585 - 1672

Shakespeare writes Hamlet

1601

rembrandt

1606 - 1669

reformation artist

raising of the cross

1633

rembrandt painting, painted for prince frederick henry of orange

danae

1636

westminster confession

1645 - 1647

johann kuhnau

1660 - 1722

wrote biblical sonnets for the harpsicord in 1700

bach

1685 - 1759

Bach's music was a direct result of the reformation culture and the biblical Christianity of the time

handel

1685 - 1759

israel in egypt

1738

saal

1738

handel's messiah

1741

samson

1743

modern science

omar khayyam

1048 - 1131

robert grosseteste

1168 - 1253

roger bacon

1214 - 1294

copernicus

1475 - 1543

vesalius

1514 - 1564

collected work of archimedes

1544

first edition of latin translation of the collected works of archimedes was published in basel

rene descartes

1596 - 1650

glileo used newly invented telescope

1609

blaise pascal

1623 - 1662

sir Isaac Newton

1642 - 1727

discovered and coined the term "gravity'

royal society of London for improving knowledge

1662

early members- isaac newton, robert boyle

clark maxwell

1831 - 1879

alfred north whitehead

1861 - 1947

along with J. Robert Oppenheimer, stressed that modern science was born of the christian world view

Einstein

1879 - 1955

"I cannot believe God plays dice with the cosmos."

werner heisenberg

1901 - 1976

created the prinicipals of uncertainty, or endeterminancy

J. Robert Oppenheimer

1904 - 1967

along with Alfred North Whitehead, stressed that modern science was born of the christian world view

John G. Taylor

1931 - 2012

set forth theoretical existence of black holes in space

Modern Artist

vincent van gogh

1813 - 1890

camille pissaro

1830 - 1903

Edgar Degas

1834 - 1917

Alfred sisley

1839 - 1899

paul cezzanne

1839 - 1906

post impressionist

claude monet

1840 - 1926

impressionist

pierre auguste renoir

1841 - 1919

paul gauguin

1848 - 1903

georges seurat

1859 - 1891

wassily kandinsky

1866 - 1944

abstract expressionist painter

pablo picasso

1881 - 1973

hans arp

1887 - 1969

alsatian sculptor

sunflowers

1888

Vincent van Gogh paints sunflowers

le demoiselles d'avignon

1906 - 1907

jackson pollock

1912 - 1956

government/economy /history

niccolo machiavelli

1469 - 1527

created/named polybian republicanism-named after polybius

martin bucer

1491 - 1551

leader of reformation in wissembourg

95 theses

1517

Martin luther nails his 95 theses to the door of a church in Wittenburg

samuel rutherford

1600 - 1661

wrote a book entitled "lex rex: law is king"

john locke

1632 - 1704

voltaire

1694 - 1778

french philosopher, often called the father of enlightenment. greatly influenced by the bloodless rev. while exiled in England (1726-1729). Voltaire's "letters concerning the English nation(1773) shows the bloodless revolutions impact on him

john wesley

1703 - 1791

strong critic of slavery

george whitefield

1714 - 1770

john witherspoon

1723 - 1794

member of continental congress from 1776-1779, and 1780-1782, only clergymen to sign the deceleration of Independence

john newton

1725 - 1807

after becoming a christian, he was no longer a slave trader and turned against the trade

marquis de condorcet

1743 - 1794

a mathematician, one of the philosophers in voltaires circle

thomas jefferson

1743 - 1826

jaques louis david

1748 - 1825

depicted the height of the french revolution in his painting "the oath of the tennis court"

jeremy bentham

1748 - 1832

father of utilitarianism

lisban earthquake

1755

miximilien robespierre

1758 - 1794

revolutionary leader, executed july1794

william wilberforce

1759 - 1833

thomas clarkson

1760 - 1846

spoke out against the slave trade, son of a clergymen

thomas robert malthus

1766 - 1834

wrote an essay on the principal of population

napoleon bonaparte

1769 - 1821

david ricardo

1772 - 1823

in 1817 wrote the first real economic text book- the pricipals of political economy and taxation

Decleration od Independance

1776

the american deceleration of independence is signed

bourgeois plan of french rev. at its height

1789

first phase of the liberal bourgeois plan of the french revolution at its height

french constitution

1789 - 1791

took 2 years for the national constituent assembly to draft a constitution

George Washington

1789

George Washington becomes the first president of the united states. french revolution begins

decleration of the rights of man issued

august 26 1789

massacre

September 1792

began the massacre in which some 1,300 prisoners
before it was all over the gov. and its agents killed 40,00 people, many of them peasants

auguste comte

1798 - 1857

positivism, french philosopher

lord shaftesbury

1801 - 1885

carried on an endless battle to prevent the exploit of women and children in mines and factories

Napoleon

1804

Napoleon crowns himself emperor of France

Giuseppe geribaldi

1807 - 1882

charles dickens

1812 - 1870

wagner

1813 - 1883

herbert spencer

1820 - 1903

empiricism, related to john locke

beehtoven last quartet composed

1825 - 1826

paul robert

1851 - 1923

paints mural entitled "justice lifts the nations" (1905) outside the supreme court building in laussanne

dickens-tale of two cities

1859

gustav mahler

1860 - 1911

claude Debussy

1862 - 1918

french shift began w/ him

schoenberg

1874 - 1951

phonograph

1877

Thomas Edison invents the phonograph

anton webern

1883 - 1945

benito mussolini

1883 - 1945

aban berg

1885 - 1935

adolf hitler

1889 - 1945

john cage

1912 - 1992

world war 1

1917

the united states enters world war 1

timothy leary

1920 - 1996

psychologist, influential in making drugs an ideaology, along with gary snyder, author philosopher allen watts, and poet allen ginsberg
"drugs are the sacrament for a new religion"

stock market crash

1929

world war 2

1939 - 1945

jimi hendrix

1942 - 1970

DNA model

1953

Watson and Crick develop the first model of a DNA molecule

hungarian takeover

november 4 1956

hungary taken over nov. 4th 1956, hungarian girl put on trial name ilond troth. hanged july 1957

meaningless of man

1964

students carried the ideas about the meaningless of man into the streets

students

1964

some young people in 1964 began to challenge the false views of personal space and affluence

nazi criminals

1966

56,000 nazi criminals convicted by this time

space

1969

american Astronauts land on the moon for the first time

abortion

june 2 1973

united states supreme court ruled that every women in the united states has the right to an abortion during the first three month of pregnancy, with no disscussion

musicians/Music

Italian Madrigals

1533

Italian madrigals appear: multiple melodies sung simultaneously by different voices within a choir

Heinrich Schutz

1585 - 1672

Claudio Monteverdi book

1587

Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643) publishes his first book

Antonio Vivaldi

1678 - 1741

George Frideric Handel

1685 - 1759

Johann Sebastian Bach

1685 - 1750

First Piano

1709

the first piano is invented by Bartolommeo Cristofori

Handel's water music

1717

Handel writes his water music and performs it on a barge floating down the thames

well tempered clavier

1722

Bach writes his well tempered clavier

Franz Joseph Haydn

1732 - 1809

Handel's Messiah

1742

Handel's messiah is performed in Dublin, Ireland, for the first time

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

1756 - 1791

Ludwig Van Beethoven

1770 - 1827

Mozarts Piano concerto

1785

Mozart writes his piano concerto no. 22 in E-flat major

Haydn, symphony no. 94

1791

Gioacchino Rossini

1792 - 1868

Franz Schubert

1797 - 1828

Hector Berlioz

1803 - 1869

Johann Strauss Sr.

1804 - 1849

Beethoven writes 4th symphony

1806

Beethoven writes 5th and 6th symphony's

1807

Felix Mendelssohn

1809 - 1847

Frederic Chopin

1810 - 1849

Robert Schumann

1810 - 1856

Franz Liszt

1811 - 1886

Beethoven writes 7th and 8th symphonys

1812

Giuseppe Verdi

1813 - 1901

Richard Wagner

1813 - 1883

Clara Schumann

1819 - 1896

Anton Bruckner

1824 - 1896

Strauss Jr.

1825 - 1899

Mendelssohn overture

1826

Mendelssohn, at the age of 17, writes his overture to a midsummer nights dream

Johannes Brahms

1833 - 1897

Camille Saint-Saens

1835 - 1921

Music taught

1838

Music is taught in american public schools for the first time,in boston

Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky

1840 - 1893

Anton Dvorak

1841 - 1904

Gabriel Faure

1845 - 1924

Robert Schumann 3rd symphony

1851

Giacomo Puccini

1858 - 1924

Gustav Mahler

1860 - 1911

Isaac Albeniz

1860 - 1909

Claude Achille Debussy

1862 - 1918

Frederick Delius

1862 - 1934

Richard Strauss

1864 - 1949

Jean Sibelius

1865 - 1957

Enrique Granados

1867 - 1916

Johannes Brahms, German requim

1868

Scott Joplin

1868 - 1917

Ralph Vaughan Williams

1872 - 1958

Sergei Rachmaninoff

1873 - 1943

Arnold Schoenberg

1874 - 1951

Charles Ives

1874 - 1954

Maurice Ravel

1875 - 1937

Manuel de Falla

1876 - 1946

Bela Bartok

1881 - 1945

Igor Stravinsky

1882 - 1971

George Gershwin

1891 - 1937

Sergei Prokofiev

1891 - 1953

Francis Poulenc

1899 - 1963

La Mer

1905

Debussy completes La Mer, his three movement portrait of the sea

Dmitri Shostakovich

1906 - 1975

Music Radio

1907

music is broadcasted over the radio for the first time

Benjamin Britten

1913 - 1976

rite of spring riot

1913

Stravinsky's rite of spring premieres in Paris causing a riot