Unit V Timeline--Abdullahi Hassan

The first five year plan by Joseph Stalin was primarily for developing heavy industry and collectivized farming. Stalin was known for his brutal treatment to his citizens and he killed or placed them in the Gulags. This era was a very bloody one as millions died. His five year plans were idolized by the People's Republic of China but Mao Zedong tried to achieve this without killing a lot of citizens.

Many people bought stocks in the New York Stock Market. This would thus lead to a sharp decline in stock market values. the US became impoverished and everybody had to receive food in soup kitchens or wait in line for bread. The Stock Market Crash also hurt countries who were very dependent upon imported food and supplies from the US.

Also known as the Salt March, the Salt March was a 241-mile march. The Salt March was significant because the British reconsidered self-rule in India. It also strengthened the resistance to the Raj. The civil disobedience movement also influenced other movements, for example, the Civil Rights movement and Apartheid movement.

The Japanese invaded Manchuria because of the lack of resources and materials. This is because of the Great Depression of the United States. Production dropped 30% and couldn't import food from the USA. They have also had a strong hatred towards the Chinese.

The Japanese invaded the Manchurian forces and established complete rule in this region. They placed the former Chinese emperor in charge and also took control over the Manchurian railway. Thousands of soldiers and civilians by the Japanese army. Many women were also raped, included Nanking. This worsened relations with all East Asian countries once World War II ended.

Hitler is known to be one the most radical leaders of the 20th century. He is known for the ultimate rule of the Nazi party and was also a great military strategist. However, he was very brutal and killed many Jews during WWII.

Cesar Augusto Sandino from 1926 to 1934 was known for deterring the US troops in Nicaragua. Six years have followed after the conflict and the Marines left Nicaragua. However, Sandino was brutally murdered at the hands of dictator Anastasio Somoza Garcia. He was murdered by the National Guardsmen.

During the civil war in China, the Communist forces encircled Chiang Kai Shek's army. This resulted in 4,000 mile retreat and the end to the civil war in China. Then, Mao Zedong is known as the ultimate ruler in Communist China.

Also known as the Great Terror, The Great Purge was the execution of any dissenting members of the Communist Party or anybody else that was seen as a threat. About 750,000 people died and millions were moved into the Gulags. Nikita Khrushchev condemned the killing and called it an abuse of power.

The nationalizing of the Mexican Oil Industry claimed that all Oil supplies in Mexico belong to only Mexico. The reason why Cardenas did this was because of the foreign oil companies did not want to raise wages to workers. This angered the Us and Uk and they demanded 200 million. But Cardenas only paid 24 million and this led to Mexican residents to help the payment. Cardenas made Mexico the world’s fourth biggest oil revenue in the world.

Hitler announces an Anschluss (union) with a smaller country, Austria. This has been the dream from Austrian Social Democrats since 1918. Hitler wanted to unite Germany with his home country, Austria. However, this was very ironic as the Germans found this less attractive to Hitler's authoritarian rule.

On this day, Hitler organized a big invasion into the sleeping country, Poland. Hitler surrounded the city with troops; bombers in the Poland air fields, U-Boats in the Baltic Sea, and 1.5 million foot soldiers invading the border of the Poland.

Also known as Operation Barbarossa, Hitler betrayed the non-aggression pact by the Soviet Union. Hitler, however, wanted oil. He also saw the naval bases in Russia as a strategic steal because he felt that they were threatening his Romanian oil fields. He also wanted to take control over Moscow.

The battle at Stalingrad was a brutal campaign by Soviet forces and the Nazi forces. The Germans invaded the USSR and 2 million casualties arose. However, the Soviets pushed back the Nazis. Hitler lost many men because of the harsh winter in Russia. This victory gave a boost of morale for the Allies and put Germany on the defensive.

D-day was a planned invasion in which the Allies were attempting to trick the Germans forces. This was the end of German invasions and Hitler's rule. Ity was the biggest invasion in world history. The primary reason is to start liberating France

The capture of Berlin remarked the end of Hitler's rule for good and ended WWII for good. This capture, though deadly, was still very easy to capture for the Soviets. This is because the Soviets had more soldiers and equipment and the Soviets surrounded the capital of Nazi Germany. Later, this would start the spread of communism in East Germany once Germany is split up between the Allies.

The two atomic bombs dropped in Hiroshima and Nagasaki devastated the Japanese population and killed a total of 300,000 civilians and soldiers. The atomic bomb in Hiroshima and Nagasaki began the age of nuclear warfare, with atomic bombs getting bigger and bigger every year. It also ended World War II and began the Cold War, where both the US and Russia threatened to use their nuclear weapons against each other.

The United Nations is a global diplomatic and political organization aimed at stopping wars. The UN was formed to give humanitarian aid to the countries who have suffered during World War II. The charters of the UN also aim to create ceasefires or give humanitarian aid to Third World countries.

The partition of India was Muhammad Ali Jinnah's biggest accomplishment. He is the reason that India and Pakistan are two separate nations. However, 200,000 to 2 million people died in this crisis and there was a refugee crisis. Roughly 14 million people were displaced and this was a result. Gandhi was not a fan of the split and refused to participate in it.

Apartheid was a political system that allowed the white minority in South Africa, to have dominance over the majority of black South Africans. Work restriction and lower wages were given to black South Africans and they had to work in poor conditions. However, a series of protests, like the Soweto Riots and Sharpeville Massacre all ensured change for the black majority. President F.W. de Klerk freed Mandela from prison, and this led to the gradual end to apartheid. An immediate effect was Mandela becoming president and this led to the end of apartheid.

The war began when Israel wanted to claim its sovereignty from the world. However, Palestine was in need of help because they didn’t have enough land to call itself a country anymore. This weakness was exploited to the Arab nations and thus they raged war. However, Israel was far more superior and they would then drive out Jordan, Syria, and Egypt. Most of the countries gained land: Israel received 21% more land and 75% of Palestine’s land, Egypt gained the Gaza strip, and Jordan gained the West Bank. This war weakened the Arab governments and proved Israel’s power.

David Ben-Gurion proclaims the State of Israel, establishing the first Jewish state in 2,000. Ben-Gurion became Israel’s first premier. However, this started the beginning of political tensions from Palestine and Arab countries. Palestine's land has decreased exponentially in the next decade as their ae only settlements in Israel.

This document states 30 human rights. This document ended any if all human brutality and ensured all humans rights. THDR was adopted mainly because of the bad treatment and violence pointed towards humans living in radical countries.

NATO is a military and defense alliance formed by 12 countries in North America and Western Europe. This was the first time in 60 years that the World formed a peacetime alliance. The sole purpose of NATO is to defend all allies and other countries from potential attacks from the Soviets.

Mao Zedong claims the People's Republic of China and names himself head of state. Zhou Enlai became the first Prime Minister. This ended the war in which destroyed China. Chiang Kai Shek and the NAtionalistic Chinese leader was given aid from the US. However, once China was consumed by communism, this hurt the US's Truman Doctrine.

The war showed the commitment of the US Truman Doctrine. The war however, led North Korea being swallowed up by Communism. The US defense spending went up 40%. Chinese forces helped the North Korean forces and pushed the South Korean and US forces back and enforced the 38th parallel.

The Algerian War of Liberation was a war of Independence against the Algerians and the French colonizers. The National Liberation Front(FLN), a patriotic establishment of Algerian Muslims fought the French with Guerrilla warfare. In 1962, Algeria became an independent nation. They had many losses of life, reconstruction, and economic debt at the end of the war.

The French defeat lead to the end of French influence in Indochina. This battle was the last major campaign by a European country. However, the US would still intervene in the Vietnamese War. The Treaty of Geneva split of French Indochina into four countries; North Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, and South Vietnam.

The creation of a communist military alliance ensured the control of Eastern Europe by the USSR. It also contributed to the start of the competitive arms race. Most of the countries in the Warsaw Pact were poor technologically, and the USSR then started a nuclear program.

Hungarian Revolution was the uprising against the new Soviet Ruler Nikita Khrushchev. These young people were inspired by Stalin's cruel rule and didn't like the sudden change. The Rebels won the first phase and appointed Imre Nagy as the first premier. However, Soviet forces invaded and executed the Nagy in order to quell the uprisings.

In 1956, Nasser, the Egyptian leader, nationalizing the Suez Canal. This angered the British, French, and Israel attacked Egypt. UN forced the British to withdraw from Egypt. This made it clear that Britain was not a world power anymore.

Mao Zedong's goal in the Great Leap Forward was to industrialize and modernize the economy quickly.. This plan, however, received so much dislike from the USSR because they believed that Mao was trying to succeed their previous five year plans. Mao wanted to mass produce steel and grains.

Castro came into power after he overthrew the American backed Fulgencio Batista and led a communist dictatorship in Cuba. However, the conditions in Cuba was harsh; widespread poverty, economic dependence on sugar, and US dependent. US intervention led to a bad relationship for 60 years. Communists reforms were made and Cuba had the Soviet Union as an ally.

The split resulted in China's foreign policy in which the isolated themselves from the rest of the world. China also shattered the Communist unity movement which was established in the Brezhnev Doctrine. Khrushchev's destalinization led to Mao rejecting the Brezhnev doctrine. This is because Mao was very fond of Stalin. The Sino Soviet split also happened because of the USSR attempt at sharing an Authoritarian Ideology among Communist nations.

The communist government in East Germany constructed a wall to keep communism in East Germany and restrict citizens from leaving the country. This is because thousands of citizens of Eastern Germany left to Western Germany to escape the communists repression. The Western government was enraged by President John F Kennedy's absence from helping Germany. The wall also symbolized the start and end of the cold war.

After the Vietnamese won the war and gained independence from the French colonizers, the Vietcong wanted to gain control over Vietnam and gained support from the USSR. The South Vietnamese needed help and the American public and wanted the US to intervene and help the Southern Vietnamese. The public, however, witnessed the cruelty done to innocent North Vietnamese citizens as they were chased or killed by US troops. This would lead to the end of US soldiers in Vietnam.

The Islamic Revolution led the dissolution of the shah and the rise of Islamic leaders who are predominately Shia. Ayatollah Khomeini is responsible for beginning the Iranian revolution, which allowed for the rise of Shia Muslims throughout Iran. Khomeini would become the first shah of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The Iran-Iraq war was started by the Iraq leader Saddam Hussein. He wanted to invade the Shatt Arab waterway to get a strategic advantage in accessing the Persian Gulf. He wanted to invade Iran to conquer more land. This war was significant because it led to a UN ceasefire due to the damage done to international tankers.

This was the beginning to the end of the fruitless occupation fo Soviet soldiers in Afghanistan. This war was pointless was dubbed as the Russian Vietnam war. This was one step for the Independence in Pakistan and all rebels didn't stop fighting until 1992.

The Persian Gulf War was fought because Iraq invaded Kuwait illegally and take control of their oil fields. However, Iraq was defeated and its army was reduced. The UN ceasefire agreement allowed them to take away or destroy all nuclear weapons and other weapons that are potentially dangerous.

On Christmas day 1991, the Soviet flag flew in the sky for the last time. This ensured a peaceful end to brutal and deadly era of the Soviets. Gorbachev resigned because of the dissolution of his nation. The Soviet Republic,(Ukraine, Georgia, Belarus, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan) all announced that they are not a part of the Soviet Union any longer. Mikhail Gorbachev created many economic and political reforms to ease tensions from the cold war. He was named Man of the decade from Time and received a Nobel Peace prize.

British Prime Minister Tony Blair, Prince Charles of Wales, Chinese President Jiang Zemin, and U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright were responsible for bringing Hong Kong back to Chinese rule. This marked the end of British Imperialism. The British occupied this land since 1839 with the invasion. British wanted to control this sparse land.

On January 11, 2002, President Bush established a detention camp in Cuba. His primary goal was to put the most dangerous prisoners in Guantanamo Bay. 780 detainees were brought, now there are around 40 detainees, with only nine prisoners having a sentence or being transferred. The Obama administration wanted to get rid of the bad treatment of prisoners in their jail cells. Several died in their cells because of depression.

SARS is Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and originated in the Guangdong Province in China. This outbreak was similar to Influenza. The Chinese government refused give the World information of how this disease started.

This terrorist attack happened with four terrorist bombers, two of which were Muslims. This was a series of attack which followed a pattern/ The bombers bombed during rush hour in the morning at every subway. This incident killed 52 peope, including the bombers.