Period 1&2

Not much is known about Africa during this period but later during the 8th - 15th century they had powerful empires like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai.

Food shortages in the foothills bc of population growth caused people to move to Sumer. The uncontrolled water supply in the river valley led farmers to develop irrigation systems like levees, canals, and reservoirs. The growth of Sumerian cities caused conflict over water rights so they built walls and dug moats around city-states.

The following were causes of Harappan decline: floods (repeated ones would force people to flee), earthquakes (this would've led to erosion), plague (obvious), foreign invasion (Aryan m=invasion because they used iron weapons), etc.

Hammurabi was the 6th king in the Babylonian Dynasty in Central Mesopotamia. He expanded his kingdom, overthrowing Larsa, Eshunna, Assyria, and Mari. One effect of his rule was Hammurabi's code. The main idea behind that was basically an eye for an eye.

The Aryans were central Asian people who spoke Indo-European. They brought to India a religion based on the worship of many gods and goddesses. The Vedic Age is said to be when the basic foundations of Indian civilization were laid down.

The earliest well-defined group in Mesoamerica. Achievements include advanced architecture, sculpture art, number system, a solar calendar, long distsance trade routes, etc.

Was founded after the Shang Dynasty ended. Major accomplishments include Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism.

King Solomon was brought to power because of his dad, King David, who appointed him. King Solomon was known as "wisest of all men" becuase during his 40 year rule it was a time of peace and prosperity.

Copper and brass were widely used but with the steady spread of iron came the many uses for it. It's durability made it ideal for farming tools and weaponry. It was also used for coins and currency.

The Roman Republic was when Rome was expanding. It expanded through conquering and alliances. It spread to the whole Italian Peninsula then to North Africa, Spain, and France. Inthe 21st century they spread to all of France, Eastern Mediterranean, and Greece. They affected those areas through cultural diffusion.