Timeline of Henry VII

of Atlantic exploration by the Genoese Cabot family

‘He would like to govern England in the French fashion, but he cannot’

Gunn said prompted by the king attempting to make profit out of princely jurisdiction
=> kept all the MArcher lords in bonds + recognizances

Claiming to be Earl of Warwick
=> dealt with swiftly
Ralph Wilford

Edmund de la Pole

one of the fortresses of Calais
without permission

had ignored Lord Bergavenney's suggestion that him and Lord Audley joined the Cornish rebels

But still had "draconian" fines placed on him for Lincoln's treachery
=> Guy's interpretation

CUNNINGHAM is more forgiving

sought the protection of his aunt, Margaret of York

his friend Sir James Tyrell (a member of Henry's garrison at Calais) allowed him to stay there. secretly offered to defect permanently

Warbeck had tried to escape twice now

Penn things that Henry framed/planned their escapes in order to justify executing them both (Machiavellian)
=> diplomatic suggests that it was the anxiousness of Spain that had triggered this

Cunningham says "the Yorkist threat seemed to have died with them"
-Suffolk persuaded to return home
-John Taylor in the tower -> had been the coordinator of Yorkist plots

"until 1500 or so, Henry had only fitful control of the North"-Guy

‘England has never before been so tranquil and obedient as at present’

with his brother Richard to Aachen

Demands restoration of his ducal title, which he had not been allowed on death of his father

began to plot a Yorkist invasion of England
calls for support from Maximilian (Warbeck's old patron)

as a result Henry organised a "web of spies and informers" -Guy

Suffolk and his retinue attainted by parliament

• leading figures at court and in the garrisons of the Calais pale were under suspicion of plotting with him against the king.
• Lord William Courtenay
• Sir James Tyrell
• Sir Robert Curson
=> another round of arrests + executions

Aged 15 and 16 they live together
"the zenith of Henry's reign, the point at which, for the first time since he had captured the crown, he had everything within his control" -Guy

payed more attention to the de la Poles even as they became more marginalised, impoverished them with his "intensively active diplomacy"
=> Guy says starting to get more suspicious from here

says Guy

in response to the de la poles fleeing

for £10k

Asked Louis XIII to use his influence in Germany
=> to purchase Suffolk wherever went next

Not a real conpiracy

The captains of Calais talk of who could be the next king. Speaking highly of de la Pole + others
=> never mention Prince Henry
H7's spies pick up -> he arrests + is v worried
probs overreacts

Cunningham said used them as a means to control

Loads

After this Henry would not let the young Henry out of his sight (not allowed to joust)

But won't hear a word against his own men says Guy (ie Dudley)

succeeded by Richard Empson
=> reign takes a turn for the worse
hated by many for his draconian enforcement of debts to the crown with Edmund Dudley

after this death individual ministers or bodies with responsibility for the pursuit of different classes of income began to proliferate.
 master of the wards
 surveyor of the king's prerogative
 general surveyors of crown lands.

• Lord Bergavenney
• Thomas Grey, Marquis of Dorset => disgraced

Henry becomes far more suspicious after this

became more scared of plots and pretenders
retreated into his privy chamber
increasingly relied on spies and informers
health started to fail, suffered a minor stroke, difficulties with eyesight, difficult to write

imprisoned by the Duke of Gueldres (Henry had paid him to detain him)
=> until negotiations could be completed with Archduke Phillip the hadsome
receives gifts etc.

"for his confessor confirming whatever absolution he had been given for illicit receipts from the sale of spiritual office."
=> even Henry knows he is avaricious

Dudley speaker
"a troubled assembly"-Gunn

Numerous attainders
=> followers of Warbeck/Suffolk

Act against retaining
=> resistance
limited to the king's lifetime
"This opposition was symptomatic of a feeling growing during Henry's last decade that he was becoming unduly rapacious towards his subjects."-Gunn

Until this time had levied parliament only to fund wars

Henry was ‘much sett to have many persons in his danger at his pleasure’-Dudley

From this time
=> rallies in summer

followed by a court coup
Empson and Dudley executed

Henry 8th didn't succeed automatically, had a council which controlled him until Wolsey came along

illegally held prisoners quielty released

"Henry died just at the right time" -Guy
=> just before anyone tried to take the crown, like with R3

Number of peers had gone from 55 to 42
=> mostly by natural wastage
didn't appoint new

148 attainders had been passed throughout his reign

Over Britanny
=> with the death of Francois and the capture of the place
Parliament met next January + gave an "unprecedented" subsidy"

King Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile

To betroth their youngest daughter Katherine to Prince Arthur

Spain closed to Yorkist pretenders -> v good
Future marriage alliance settled in principle (proxy marriage)

"most were home by christmas"

"Henry had spent some £124,000 for nothing"-Cunningham

Cunningham says it did show at leas thtat he had expanded England's navil power
comissioned:
 The Regent
 The Sovereign
• larger than any ships built by his immediate predecessors.

Bc Henry worried about Kildare supporting Warbeck

already knew he wanted to settle before the invasion

Guy says this because of Warbeck NOT because of the occupation of Brittany
makes sense, Penn points out that the Duke tried to sell out Henry twice while he was in exile

Charles wanted to quickly end the war in order to take control of Naples

"perhaps the best he could now hope for"-Cunningham

• stop supporting each other's rebels
• pay for Henry's costs in full of the war, £159,000 (French pension regained) -peace

Warbeck escapes to Malines in the Burgundian Netherlands
=> costly trade war with the Netherlands

Trade with Netherlands restored
=> more secure after just bapped of Warbeck from England

retained the position for rest of reign
with "effective, if largely unsupervised, governance."-Cunningham

during the Summer

"glorified border raid"-Guy

James gave Warbeck 1400 followers

hoped to raise the whole of the north in rebellion
=> Warbeck disilusioned by JAmes
probs bc north didn't rise up
-> weren't roused by his manifesto against harsh taxes + low-born ministers

"heaviest taxation of the century"-Gunn
=> for a fleet carrying 5k men against Scotland

to last for 7 years

at Ayton

when truth expired, James would marry Henry's eldest daughter Margaret "treaty of perpetual peace"

bound the two rulers to not support each others' rebels

With Louis XII, Charles' successor

says Cunningham

(not binding)

Catherine would be sent to England when she was 14

£20k palace built for marriage + celebrations
=> not miser

For a meeting with Philip the Fair of Burgundy
=> to clear up trade issues
discuss possible marriage for Prince Henry + his younger sister

spring
small loan of £138,000 (more than his entire annual revenue from the crownlands)
for Edmund de la Pole

loans to Phillip £226,000-£342,000 by H's death

near Weymouth on their voyage to Spain
Henry entertained him
Trade agreement made HIGHLY FAVOURABLE to English merchants in cloth trade

Phillip offered (reportedly unasked) to hand over Suffolk
Suffolk taken to the tower

"received magnificently"
=> does spend