4.1.1 MI

Events

Early 1800s

1800

Researchers develop the first chemical tests to indicate and measure the presence of sugar in the urine.

https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/fe/86/3c/fe863c1389ae0e8834b4362c874d4088.jpg

1848

Glycogen is formed by the liver and is discovered to be the same sugar found in urine--> the first link of diabetes to glycogen metabolism : Bernard discovered this

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Bernard_Claude.jpg/220px-Bernard_Claude.jpg

1869

Langerhans, a German medical student, discovers that the pancreas contains two types of cells that secrets normal fluid while the function of the other is unknown. The unknown cells would later be identified as those which produce insulin.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Paul_Langerhans_1878.jpg/1200px-Paul_Langerhans_1878.jpg

1909

The unknown cell within the pancreas is named "insulin," termed by the de Meyer of Belgium.

http://img.medscape.com/thumbnail_library/dt_160208_insulin_800x600.jpg

1911

Benedict develops a new way of testing urine sugar (Benedict's method)

https://image.slidesharecdn.com/biochemistryofurinalysis-140816142034-phpapp01/95/urinalysis-methods-observations-and-clinical-significance-52-638.jpg?cb=1408198950

1921

Insulin is "discovered." A dog is injected with it to test its actual effectiveness/function.

https://optimisingnutrition.files.wordpress.com/2016/11/image131.png?w=500&h=325&crop=1

1922

The first human test of insulin injections is successful upon Leonard Thompson.

http://www.diabetes.co.uk/images/article_images/Leonard-Thompson.jpg

1959

1936

Diabetes is defined into two types based upon their "insulin sensitivity." Type 1 (insulin dependent) and Type 2 (non-insulin dependent).

http://www.diabetescareinformation.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Diabetes-Types-Slide.jpg

1940s

1940

The connection between diabetes and long-term effects such as kidney disease and eye disease are made.

https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/diabetes-complications-affected-organs-affects-nerves-kidneys-eyes-vessels-heart-brain-skin-round-info-graphic-62541059.jpg

1970

Insulin pumps are developed and introduced to the public.

https://www.endocrineweb.com/sites/default/files/imagecache/gallery-large/wysiwyg_imageupload/14572/2015/05/19/insulin%20pump-97328081.jpg

1973-1976

1973 - 1976

U-100 Insulin is introduced and the HbA1c test is used to further the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes.

http://diabetes-ayurveda.com/HTML/12_album.jpg

1978

The National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse is established to increase the research and knowledge of diabetes for the population and professionals.

https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/53/ff/c8/53ffc87589616c8a62efc15980ffd88f.jpg

1983-1986

1983 - 1986

The first biosynthetic human insulin is introduced and the use of the insulin pen delivery system is introduced.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Insulin_pen.JPG/400px-Insulin_pen.JPG

1990-1997

1990 - 1997

External pumps become more popular as they allow for greater freedom from multiple injections.

https://www.medtronic-diabetes.com.au/sites/default/files/medtronic_tummy-new-pump.jpg

1996

The FDA approves the first recombinant DNA human insulin analogue, lispro (Humalog).

http://www.mims.com/resources/drugs/Philippines/packshot/Humalog6002PPS1.JPG

2004

The life expectancy difference between diabetes patients and healthy people drops to only about 15 years.