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Use Cases
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Resources
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Pricing
1629
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Charles I dissolves Parliament
1637
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William Laud: archbishop of Canterbury; tried to impose elaborate ceremonies on all churches and enforced church service-uniformity through "Court of High Commission"
1637: tries to impose new prayer book and bishoprics on church organizations in Scotland
Puritans: wanted to purify Anglican church of Roman Catholic elements
1640
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Charles I complelled to summon Parliament
1640 - 1660
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Long Parliament proceeded to enact legislation that limited the power of the monarch and made arbitrary government impossible
1641
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House of Commons passed the Triennial Act (compelled king to summon Parliament every 3 years)
1642 - 1649
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English Civil War
started- tested whether sovereignty in England was to reside in king or in Parliament
ended- Charles I was executed on the charge of high treason
1649
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Cromwell crush rebellion in Drogheda in Ireland w/ merciless savagery, leaving legacy of Irish hatred for England
1649
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Charles I beheaded, commonwealth (republican government proclaimed)
1649 - 1660
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period between 1649 and 1660 that separated two monarchial periods (from Charles I to Charles II); England experienced military dictatorship
1651
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require that English goods be transported on English ships, Cromwell enforce
1653
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constitution made by army that invested executive power in lord protector (Cromwell) and a council of state Provide for triennial parliaments and gave Parliament sole power to raise taxes
1653 - 1658
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rule of Cromwell, constitute military government
1658
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Cromwell died, military government collapsed
1660
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-re-established monarchy in Charles II
-Cabal: council of five men who were advisers and members of Parliament; CABAL=(Clifford, Arlington, Buckingham, Ashley-Cooper, Lauderdale)
1670
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Charles enter secret agreement w/ Louis XIV (Fr king would give Charles 200,000 pounds annually and Charles would relax laws against Catholics and gradually re-Catholicize England, support Fr policy, and convert to Catholicism himself
1673
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anyone refusing to recieve Eucharist of the Church of England could not vote, hold public office, preach, teach, attend universities, or even assemble for meetings
1685
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James II succeeds Charles II
Louis XIV's Revocation of Edict of Nantes
1688
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James second wife produced a male heir
1688
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James II, his queen, and their infant son fled to France and became pensioners of Louis XIV
1688 - 1689
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-replaced one king w/ another w/ min amount of bloodshed, destruction of idea of divine right monarchy, establish priniciple that sovereignty (ultimate power in state) divided btw king and Parliament and king ruled w/ consent of governed
-Bill of Rights: cornerstone of constitution, direct response to absolutism, men framed intentions of revolution
-established constitutional monarchy, or limitation of government by law
1689
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William and Mary crowned king and queen of England
1588 - 1603
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political shrewdness, careful management of finances, wise selection of ministers, clever manipulation of Parliament, sense of royal dignity and devotion to hard work
1603 - 1625
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politically shrewd, lacked common touch with the people, believed in divine right, didn't live up to Elizabeth's legacy
1629 - 1640
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finance government through extraordinary stopgap levies considered illegal by most English people, for example: law required coastal districts to help pay cost of ships for defense, but levied "ship money" tax on inland and coastal counties
1660 - 1685
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indifferent about doctrinal issues, determined "not to set out in his travels again" which means he intended to get along w/ Parliament
1685 - 1688
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appoint Roman Catholics to positions in armies, universities, and local government, issue declaration of indulgence granting religious freedom to all