Basic HOA Timeline

Population fueled by high birthrate and immigration- rise in good demand
Laws passed to male corporations classified as separate persons
Capitalism system in place and operated on:
1.) Individuals produce and sell whatever they want
2.) Prices and Wages determined by Demand
3.) Profits distributed among owners of company- businesses are privately owned- creates competition

Resulted from continuing expansion of America and differences in moral values of the North and the South
Resulted in the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendment being passed guaranteeing citizenship, equal law protection, and voting rights

Gave 160 acres of land to anyone that lived on that plot for 5 years and made improvements to it

Created land grant colleges
Envisioned by Justin Smith Morrill
Established institutions in each state that would educate about agriculture

2 mottos of America and Second one is printed on US currency

Cities are run by political machines and bosses
Provided services to immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes

Tied the nation together
Shipping raw materials became less expensive
New selling methods became popular

joined all skilled and unskilled workers to demand worker's rights
Organized by Terrance Powderly
Fell apart after Haymarket Affair

Cattle driven from southern states all the way to Chicago
Severe summers and winters killed off cattle
Barbed wire also saw to decline in herding

Andrew Carnegie- Scottish Immigrant- one of America's most richest and powerful men- Founded Carnegie Steel Corporation
Carnegie eventually wrote "The Gospel of Wealth"
John D. Rockefeller formed Standard Oil and controlled 90% of Nations oil supply- created a virtual monopoly

Farmer organization formed to overcome challenges like:
Overproduction
High shipping costs
Growing debt
Periodic Natural Disasters
They worked for economic and political reforms

Part of American industrialization with advancements including
The Bessemer process
The invention of the telephone
The sewing machine, typewriter, and airplane- contributed to economic process

they escaped poverty, religion, ethnic persecution
New Immigrants came from southern and Eastern Europe
Led to increased "Nativism"
Immigrants preserved some of their culture and customs

New farm Machinery- McCormick's Mechanical Reaper
Cultural opportunities drew population to big cities
Rise in immigration
Cities grew TOO quickly- led to inadequate public services, transportation services, overcrowding, social tensions

The killing was linked to the Spoils System
Led to the passing of the Pendleton Act- created a Civil Service Commission

based Chinese workers from immigrating and placed new Chinese residency requirements

Only included skilled workers
Organized by Samuel Gompers
limited goals to only economic

prohibited unfair practices by railroads specifically- first instance of Commerce stepping in to regulate business

Greatly encouraged assimilation
Led to near destruction of Native culture

Stopping Monopolies
Sometimes used against labor unions (?)

Received help from Granger Farmers
Believed in: Unlimited silver coinage, direct senator election, graduated income tax, government ownership of railroads, telegraphs and telephones, term limits for the president, immigration restrictions, a shorter work day

McKinley beat William Jennings Bryan

Opposed US acquisition of colonies
Believed it violated self-government
Congress annexed the Philippines
Sanford B. Dole Worked to annex Hawaiian islands
Control of pacific islands gave greater naval and pacific influence

Urban, Middle-class Americans wanting to correct industrialization difficulties
Social Gospel Movement
Socialists
"Muckrakers": examined rise of abusive business practices- Upton Sinclair described unsanitary practices in meat industry
Early Progressives focused on reforming at municipal level
Governors like Robert LaFollette tried to free states from big businesses
introduced things like the secret ballot, initiative, referendum, recall, direct party primaries, and direct Senator elections- made national law by 17th Amendment.
Focused on improving social problems by state- through working to improve housing and abolish child labor
All attempts to eliminate corruption weren't completely successful

Emergence of US as a World Power
Sparked debate about Imperialism
Caused by Spanish harsh Cuban Treatment
Yellow Journalism
publication of the De Tome Letter
the explosion of the U.S.S. Maine
Turning point because ended Spain's colonial empire
Emergence of US as world power
America occupied Cuba, the Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico
Imperialists wanted to keep these for acquiring raw materials and promoting naval strength: Most used Social Darwinism as reasoning (Alfred Thayer Mahan)

Giving equal trading rights to all foreign nations in China

Roosevelt promised a "Square Deal" to protect public interests
Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act
Increased Power to Interstate Commerce Commission
conserved and protected the nation's resources
William Taft continued Roosevelt's policies: and did "trust-busting"
Woodrow Wilson called his program the "New Freedom"
Passed Underwood Tariff, Sixteenth Amendment, Federal reserve act, the Clayton Antitrust Act, and put into place the Federal Trade Commission

Expansion meant ships needed to pass from the pacific to the carribean for cuban interests

Roosevelt Corollary also used to justify American intervention

President Taft's encouraging of US investors to do so in Latin America

W. E. B. DuBois was the founder
Argued that African Americans should fight for immediate equality
Brooker T. Washington disagreed

example of reliance on Monetary policy
lessens money in orosperity to reduce inflation and increases money in a depression

Done by a Serbian Nationalist
WWI Had new military tech- Germans used U-boats

US assumed world power role by participating in Global War
New military technology
US emerged as most powerful and successful nation
Wilson attempted neutrality- failed eventually because of American ties to Europe, the Zimmerman Telegram, and unrestricted submarine warfare
War bonds sold to pay for war cost

Now they disliked just about anybody that wasn't a white protestant

Showed the birth of the USSR: first Communist state
Ruled under Joseph Stalin

Drafted soldiers into the armed forces

Made it a crime to criticize the war.
Resulted in schneck v. US when espionage act was chosen over freedom of speech

Their arrival helped to break deadlock and allow Allied victory
Alvin York became Hero in Battle of Argonne forest- medal of honor

Made for Wilson's war goals and focused on the creation of the League of Nations

Resulted in the arresting of 4000 and the deportation of 600 of them to prevent radical takeover
Two Italian immigrants were found guilty for murder and robbery despite lack of good evidence and were put to death

Enforced complete Prohibition but was eventually repealed
was result of increased woman influence in government
21st Amendment repealed it

Included some of 14 points
Very harsh on Germany
Henry Cabot Lodge was main opposition to joining League of Nations as it would involve us too much in foreign affairs
US never joined the LON

Economic Prosperity and changing American values
Saw a "Red Scare"- led to a rise in nativism
Harding, Coolidge and Hoover were presidents supporting laissez-fair and supported big businesses
Teapot Dome Scandal under Harding
Coolidge had "the business of American is Business"
Herbert Hoover believed in "rugged individualism"
Economic Prosperity
Rise of automobile- Henry Ford
Rise of other industrialization and greater efficiency
Mass consumption
Stock and real estate interests
Uneven Prosperity

Nazi aggression to control all of Europe was main reason for start of WWII

Women allowed to vote
Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were reformers of whom pklayed large part in this

Designed to keep out immigrants by setting quotas

Led by Benito Mussolini in Italy

granted immediate US citizenship to all Native American Indians
No longer required the giving up of their land or culture

Clash between traditionalists and modernists

Most severe economic depression in history
Led to Roosevelt's New Deal
Caused by overproduction, stock speculation, unregulated banks, and high tariffs
Dust Bowl also resulted as a natural disaster

Faced White prejudice and were not looked favorably upon due to job competition

beluiever in peace through strength
Strong swing vote

Hoover created it last minute to try and fix the beginning of the Great Depression but was far too late and it was incredibly ineffective

ended prohibition

FDR promised a New Deal to help the recovery come along
addressed the nation in "fireside chats"
His wife was a political activist and traveled the country
New Deal dealt with relief, recovery and reform
Relief dealt with short term solutions to help the unemployed
Recovery put money into the economy to get it going
and Reform was to prevent a future depression in a certain area of the economy
Dealt with the securities and exchange commission and the social security act

country was on gold standard until 1933 when for switched to paper money

Acts passed by US Congress with the hopes of staying ut of any existing tensions or future wars.
Cash and Carry

US strongly opposed to this because of economic ties w china
"Flying Tigers" formed in order to help China protect itself

FDR encourages the working together of peaceful nations to isolate aggressives

Britain and France tried to follow appeasement but Hitler continued to take more and more lands like Czechoslovakia and he demanded Poland.

questioned individuals about heir involvement with any communist-related activities
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were found guilty with sharing atomic bomb information with enemies

Followed a form of the US remaining isolationist with their entire Hemisphere in order to prevent the war from spreading from Europe
Washington Naval Conference
Kellog-Brand Peace Pact

Affirmed US World Power
Led to Cold War
US involvement was the selling of War Bonds to pay for the war
US Peacetime to Wartime production of industry
War Production Board helped w conversion
Rationing was instated in US to help supply troops
Americans planted Victory Gardens to help with more troop food
Office of War Information produced pro-Ally media and propaganda
Throughout the War General George c Marshall helped to raise an army of 8 million men and create the atomic bomb
Technological advancements made like radar, cryptic code, Proximity fuzes, new antibiotics like penicillin, jet and rocket engines
70 million ewnded up dead
Ended with rise of superpowers of US and USSR

Allowed US to sell to Britain war materials

All black air corps group
Escorted bombers

FDR and Churchill met to to plan for a postwar idea and the plan for the United Nations

Sneak attack of Japan on Hawaii US Naval base
launched series of attacks on all US- occupied pacific islands
Caused the immediate declaration of war on Japan and then the Axis Powers

FDR basically allows for the relocation and internment of all Japanese individuals
Result of fear mongering in US
Japanese Americans forced to live in cramped and uncomfortable conditions

Filipino and US POW were forced to march through 60 mies worth of jungle in which most died.
Japanese-enacted

Woman joined this to contribute to the war and got jobs typically more masculine at that time in order to continue the country's economy

Nimitz defeated Japanese Fleet and marked turning point in war on Japan

Operation Overlord in which US, Britain and Canada attacked German-cvontrolled normandy
Resulted in liberation of Paris

Helped for veterans to readjust economically and purchase homes

Black soldier Vernon Baker was first African American to be awarded medal of honor from this fight

Supreme Court established the constitutionality of the internment of the Japanese Americans

All three Ally leaders met to discuss the future of the world
Agreed to form UN
Divided Germany into occupation zones

Truman acted like this to force unconditional surrender
Resulted in 230,000 dead, with others left with horrible illnesses and defects from radiation

The trials of many Axis officials for war crimes

Containment policy for communism
Truman Doctrine offers US aid
Marshall plan is economic recovery plan for europe
Stalin wanted to see spread of Communism
Caused an arms and space race within the two countries
Nuclear bombs became more and more powerful

formed to reduce tariff levels but was eventually replaced by the World Trade Organization

Result of USSR blockade on US occupied west germany
Caused Stalin to lift the blockade

done so by western allies collaborating to battle communism

Communist revolution

group of young writers rebelled against conformity
Rock and Roll created

Communist North Korea invaded South
War did not end until Eisenhower arranged armistice

Continued containment
Announced helping middle eastern nations battling communism
Time of prosperity
Production of new consumer goods

Advancements in antibiotics

North and South Vietnam
South had democratic support
Vietcong- North launched attack
South Gained US support because of Eisenhower's domino Theory

overturned the decision made by plessy v ferguson in stopping segregation and forcing integration
Orval Faubus sent national guard to . prevent black students from entering a white highschool
George Wallace attempted to prevent two black students from enrolling at the university of alabama

North vietnamese were willing to suffer great losses for victory
American soldiers could not tell who the enemy was
Credibility Gao due to Fed government lying to the people
Not much support from war
Led to 58000 US deaths
The end of Great Society programs to help fund the war

She refused to move to the black section of the bus
her arrest led to a 13 month long boycott of Montgomery buses
Led to other acts of civil disobedience by many- lots resulting in violence

connected the nation
large move to the suburbs

USSR- launched this spaceware into orbit and started space race
Space Race caused increased federal support in science education

JFK planned to train rebels but they landed at the bay of pigs and the rebels were defeated

leaders were hector perez and Cesar chavez
Dolores huerta worked to gain farmers rights and women's rights- awarded Medal of Freedom
court cases ended Mexican segregation and improved jury status

He promised a man on the moon
Supported civil rights

provided economic aid to underprivileged Latin American Nations

soviets aided cuba with nuclear missles
US found out and initiated blockade around the country
Closest the world came to nuclear war
resulted in the removal of missles

Women had right to privacy and could abort their children before 3 months

requiring same pay between genders for the same work

Led by MLK and lasted a whole day
King gave his "I have a dream" speech

Wanted to implement a great society
focused on civil rights, reducing poverty

eliminated poll taxes in federal elections

prohibited discrimination in hiring

Gave johnson power to escalate the war after US ship is attacked in national waters
thousands of troops sent overseas

helped form by Betty Friedan

black power supporters
more militant and believed in self defense

greater respect for native heritage
protest against anti american indian bias

End of civil rights movement
Sparked riots across the nation
Still equality work to be done in America

Vietcong launched attacks on south vietnam

US became first country to land men on the Moon
Led to new inventions that improved the life quality of Americans

He promised peace with honor but increased bombings
Nixon relied on opinion of silent majority despite growing antiwar movement
After a while, he began practicing Détente to relax tensions with the Soviet Union and Red China

Student had right to wear armbands at school to protest the war

protect environment by air, water and land pollution

lowered voting age to 18

Showed the actions of several presidents being dishonest to the public
Contributed to "credibility gap"
Led Nixon to establish policy of Vietnamization in which they would slowly leave the war
Eventually pulled out by 1973

Outspoken opponent of this bill was Phyllis Schlafly- her attitude towards woman's rights was almost as ugly as her name
Never ratified by the states

Struck down law requiring Amish to attend school by a certain age

Men working to get Nixon reelected were found breaking into the DNC
Nixon lied about his coverup of the breakin
Caused Nixon to resign

Prohibits discrimination in education
helped women pursue higher degrees

Limited War powers of the commander in chief

faced stagflation, opec's rising oil prices

Marked the end of the Souther opposition in Vietnam as the whole country finally fell to communism

Was very active in foreign affairs
He continued the policy of Détente until USSR invaded afghanistan
Iran ruler overthrown and hostages held in US embassy for over a year until Carter leaves office

Carter returned control of the canal zone to Panama

Negotiated agreement between Egypt and israel

Very big conservative
Endorsed by the NRA, the Moral Majority, and the heritage foundation
Used the Reagan doctrine to roll back communism

Made america seem less trustworthy

George H.W. Bush pushed troops into this conflict

USSR dissolved- replaced by Commonwealth of Independent States
US recognized new country

he wanted domestic reforms
better healthcare for all
the computer industry propelled his term into a great time period

a free trade association between the US, Mexico, and Canda

program of Conservative principles attempting to lessen the power of the government
intended to get republican candidates elected into congress

Formed to replace the GATT through global trade efficiency

incredibly close with Al Gore barely losing through incorrectly filled out ballots in Florida and the Supreme court rejecting a recount
Al won the popular vote but lost the electoral college vote to George W. Bush

Led to declaration of "War on Terror" by George W Bush
hijacked American planes were crashed into the twin towers
Osama Bin Laden and the al-Qaeda were responsible and hid in Afghanistan

expanded the Government's powers through allowing law enforcement to conduct searches and surveillance, detain immigrants, and monitor bank accounts

Election of the first African-American president
Narrowly defeated Hillary Clinton and John McCain

Barack Obama's form of helping to re-stimulate the economy from the depressed state that George Bush left it in.

First Hispanic Supreme Court Justice