Japanese Art and Military

Masakado threatened the authority of the central government leading to an uprising in the eastern providence of Hitachi and Fujiwara no Sumitomo rebelled in the west.

The Japanese military was established from local drafts and later implemented the use of samurai. The samurai's started off as servants for the emperor and changed to private aristocratic militant groups.

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The use of martial arts became a norm throughout the region. Samurai warriors were able to establish their own social class because of their strength in numbers along with influence.

The samurai created their own social class called warrior bands that worked closely to the emperor.

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He was the founder of Bakufu, the system where Feudal lords ruled for 700 years. He undermined the central government’s local administrative power. http://static.newworldencyclopedia.org/7/76/Minamoto_no_Yoritomo.jpg

Clan would not be overthrown until after Genpel War, start of shogunates.

Conflic in the Hōgen era between the Taira & Minamoto clan that marked the end of the Fujiwara family dominance of the monarchy and the start of a prolonged period of feudal warfare.

A title given by the emperor to the country's top military commander.

Taira Kiyomori revived Fujiwara practices by placing his grandson on the throne to rule Japan by power.

It marks the transition to the Japanese "medieval" era, the period in which the emperor, the court, and the traditional central government were left intact but were largely relegated to ceremonial functions. Civil, military, and judicial matters were controlled by the Bushi class.

Is a period in Japanese history that marks the governance by the Kamakura shogunate, officially established in 1192 in Kamakura by the first shogun, Minamoto no Yoritomo.

The Kamakura Period began in 1185 when Minamoto no Yoritomo seized power from the emperors, and established a bakufu, the kamakura, shogunate, in Kamakura.

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The Bakufu was the military government of Japan between 1192 and 1868.

Which was established by the first Kamakura shogun Minamoto no Yoritomo.

After further unsuccessful entreaties, the first Mongol invasion took place.

More than 600 ships carried a combined Mongol, Chinese, and Korean force of 23,000 troops armed with catapults, combustible missiles, and bows and arrows. In fighting, these soldiers grouped in close cavalry formations against samurai, who were accustomed to one-on-one combat.

Kyōto raised the diplomatic counter of Japan's divine origin, rejected the Mongol demands, dismissed the Korean messengers, and started defensive preparations.

A second invasion was launched. Seven weeks of fighting took place in northwestern Kyushu before another typhoon struck, again destroying the Mongol fleet.

The Mongol war had been a drain on the economy, and new taxes had to be levied to maintain defensive preparations for the future. The invasions also caused disaffection among those who expected recompense for their help in defeating the Mongols. There were no lands or other rewards to be given, however, and such disaffection, combined with overextension and the increasing defense costs, led to a decline of the Kamakura bakufu.

In 1335, Emperor Go-Daigo sent a large army to Kamakura to fight and end Ashikaga’s power for good. The emperor Go-Daigo was able to restore imperial power in Kyoto and to overthrow the Kamakura Bakufu in 1333. However, the revival of the old imperial offices under the Kemmu Restoration (1334) did not last for long because the old administration system was out of date and practice, and incompetent officials failed gaining the support of the powerful landowners.

Go-Daigo attempted an uprising against the Hojos, but he was taken prisoner by the Hojos. He was exiled but managed to escape, most likely with the help of followers in the Hojo camp. Within a year, in 1332, Go-Daigo was ready to make another attempt.

Most samurai and peasants were convinced that they were better off with a shogun, not an emperor. Ashikaga won. In 1336 Ashikaga Takauji entered Kyoto and established his own shogunate. Ashikaga Takauji, once fighting for the emperor, now challenged the imperial court and succeeded in capturing Kyoto in 1336.

The period that ensued was known as the Nambokucho War (and it lasted for 60 years, and is the longest single war in Japanese history)

During the Tokugawa shogunate period, the emperor established a feudal military dictatorship.

Final era of Japanese traditional government, culture, and society before the Meji Restoration of 1868.

Japan was effectively cut off from Western nations for the next 200 years (with the exception of a small Dutch outpost in Nagasaki Harbor)

There was estimate of 300,00 Christians in Japan at the beginning of this period. After the Shogunate’s brutal repression of a Christian rebellion on the Shimabara Peninsula in 1637-38, Christianity was forced underground. (fun fact: The new dominate faith was Confucianism, a relatively conservative religion with a strong emphasis on loyalty and duty.)

After two centuries, Japanese isolationism comes to an end.

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Power was given back to the emperor after the decrease in military power.

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Prime Minister Yamagata Aritomo allowed for the military to draft soldiers into the military from different social backgrounds but all having strong alliances to the emperor.

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