#APWHPERIOD5PROJECT

Revolts in Latin America which resulted in the creation of a number of independent countries. Followed by the American and French revolutions, many were influenced to gain their own independence from monarchies.

Conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by Austrian statesmen Klemens von Metternich. Their objective was to provide a long-term peace plan for Europe by settling critical issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars.

Known as the "Greek Independence" was a successful war of independence waged by the Greek revolutionaries against the Ottoman empire. Rebellion originated from a patriotic conspiracy founded in Odessa.

Two armed conflicts in China between the forces of the Western countries and of the Qing dynasty. 1st war between China and Britain. 2nd war known as the Arrow War or the Anglo-French War was Britain and France vs. China. The conflicts marked a state of the era of unequal treaties and other inroads on Qing sovereignty.

Series of negotiations at Berlin, in which the major European nations met to decide all questions connected to the Congo river basin in Central America.

Political pamphlet written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Presents an analytical approach to the class struggle and the problems of capitalism and the capitalist mode of production, rather than a prediction of communism's potential future reforms.

Massive rebellion in China that lasted from 1850 to 1864. Conflict between the led-Qing dynasty and the millenarian movement of the Heavenly Kingdom of Peace. Rebellion began under the leadership of Hong Xiuguan believed himself as son of God.

Military conflict between the Russian Empire losing alliance of France, Britain, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia. Russia agreed to the Treaty of Paris in 1856 which reshaped Europe's power structure.

The Bessemer Process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel from molten pig iron before the development of the open hearth furnace. Sir Henry Bessemer inventor and engineer led to the development of the Bessemer converter.

Indian mutiny, widespread but unsuccessful rebellion against British rule in India. Begun with Meerut Indian troops in the service of the British. Then it spread to Delhi, Agra, Kanpur, and Lucknow.

The Suez Canal is a man-made sea-level waterway in Egypt. The canal connected the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez.

On the Origin of Species, by means of Natural Selection, or the preservation of Favoured Races in the struggle for life. Work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology.

Political and social movement that consolidated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of the kingdom of Italy in the 19th century. Attempt to create an Italy united by Democracy.

Issued by the Russian emperor Alexander II that accompanied 17 legislative acts that freed the serfs of the Russian Empire. Defeat in the Crimean War, change in the public opinion, has shown Alexander that only a reform would put equal footing with the Western powers.

Otto von Bismarck pushed German unification through "blood and iron" and skillful understanding of realpolitik. From Denmark to Switzerland, lay small provinces that Bismarck needed to incorporate under the Prussian crown to create a viable German Empire.

One of the two major political parties in India. The congress dominated the Indian movement for independence from Great Britain. Mahatma Gandhi asked the leaders to dissolve Indian National Congress and form a new organization to govern the nation.

An anti-imperialist movement that took place in China towards the end of Qing dynasty. The rebels, referred by Westerners as boxers because they performed physical exercises they believed would make them able to withstand bullets. At the end, China agreed to pay 330 million in reparations.

Great Britain defeated two African countries, Republic of Transvaal and the Orange free state. The British were weak against Boer well-armed soldiers. Boers referred to the Guerilla warfare and continued fighting and hiding till the were victorious. British surrendered at the Treaty of Vereeniging.

Man-made waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean. This canal was key for international maritime trade.

Fought between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and Korea. Russia sought for a Port on the Pacific Ocean for their navy and maritime trade. Russia's threat through empire expansion

First moving assembly for the mass production of an entire automobile. His innovation made production more effective and efficient.