Australia and Oceania

Ferdinand Magellan crosses the Pacific and reaches Guam.

Robert Thorne draws first map of Australia at the behest of King Henry VIII
http://www.nma.gov.au/__data/assets/image/0016/2635/Map4_w480.jpg

This figure possibly depicts an echidna, an egg-laying mammal native to New Guinea and Australia. Carbon dates back to 1500 BC.

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/images/hb/hb_1984.123.1.jpg

Abel Tasman sailed south of Australia and encountered Tasmania

William Dampier explores parts of Australia, Southeast Asian islands, and the Bismarck Archipelago

Captain James Cook charts the east coast of Australia onboard HM Endeavor, claims it as British possession and names it "New South Wales"

From around 1780 to 1840, the British transported about 160,000 prisoners to Australia

Origin of aborigines is believed to be from Southeast Asia 40,000-70,000 years ago.

British Naval Captain Arthur Philip founds a settlement at Sydney with a fleet of 11 ships carrying almost 800 convicts

Mathew Flinders was a very successful navigator and cartographer in his age. He was asked by the British government to completely map the coastline of Australia. At the time, Western Australia was called New Holland and Matthew Flinders was the one that suggested the name of Australia.http://www.christianhistoryresearchaustralia.com/earlyaustralianhistory/images/matthewflindersmap.jpg

City of Hobart on southern coast
"Australia and Oceania - Oxford Reference." Oxford Reference - Answers with Authority. N.p., 24 Sept. 2013. Web. 06 Mar. 2017

Modern day Tasmania becomes a penal settlement

James Stirling travels to western Australia
"Australia and Oceania - Oxford Reference." Oxford Reference - Answers with Authority. N.p., 24 Sept. 2013. Web. 06 Mar. 2017

Founded by free immigrants and willingly added convicts in 1850
Kästle, Klaus. "___ History of Australia." History of Australia - Nations Online Project. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2017.

British moves the last Aborigines of Tasmania to a small island where they are to die out
"Australia and Oceania - Oxford Reference." Oxford Reference - Answers with Authority. N.p., 24 Sept. 2013. Web. 06 Mar. 2017

A site was chosen for Adelaide, the first colony that would not be a penal colony. Young married couples would travel there freely.
"Australia and Oceania - Oxford Reference." Oxford Reference - Answers with Authority. N.p., 24 Sept. 2013. Web. 06 Mar. 2017

New South Wales was no longer an official penal colony
Kästle, Klaus. "___ History of Australia." History of Australia - Nations Online Project. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2017.

During the Australian gold rushes, significant numbers of workers, both from other areas within Australia and from overseas relocated to areas in which gold had been discovered. he first gold rush in Australia began. in May 1851 after prospector Edward Hargraves claimed to have discovered payable gold near Orange, at a site he called Ophir. Australian gold rushes changed the convict colonies into more progressive cities with the influx of free emigrants. These hopefuls, termed diggers, brought new skills and professions, contributing to a burgeoning economy. The mateship that evolved between these diggers and their collective resistance to authority led to the emergence of a unique national identity. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/An_Australian_Gold_Diggings.jpg/350px-An_Australian_Gold_Diggings.jpg

16 years after New South Wales was no longer recognized as an official penal colony, Van Diemens Land, which is now known as Tasmania was also no longer recognized.
Kästle, Klaus. "___ History of Australia." History of Australia - Nations Online Project. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2017.

Victims of racial attacks
"Australia and Oceania - Oxford Reference." Oxford Reference - Answers with Authority. N.p., 24 Sept. 2013. Web. 06 Mar. 2017

January 1st Australia became its own nation

An Act of the Parliament of Australia which limited immigration to Australia and formed the basis of the White Australia policy which sought to exclude all non-Europeans from Australia. The law granted immigration officers a wide degree of discretion to prevent individuals from entering Australia. The Act prohibited various classes of people from immigrating and provided for illegal immigrants to be deporhttp://tlf.dlr.det.nsw.edu.au/learningobjects/Content/R3904/object/resource/ex73_003.jpgted.

The ‘White Australia Policy’ and also better known as the Immigration Restriction Act 1901, was introduced in the 1900s preventing people of non- European descent from migrating to Australia
http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/image/7297864-3x2-700x467.jpg

In 1902, the newly established Australian Parliament passed the Commonwealth Franchise Act 1902, which set a uniform law enabling women to vote at federal elections and to stand for the federal Parliament
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New Zealand becomes independent as a self governing dominion (sovereignty)

This was the outbreak of World War 1. Four days after Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, Russia and Germany declared war on each other the same day. France than ordered a general mobilization. The so-called “Great War” that resulted in the deaths of some 20 million soldiers and civilians and the physical devastation of much of the European continent.
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In 1929 the Great Depression began with the Wall Street Crash of October, 1929
Just as other nations suffered so did Australia-- suffering from years of high unemployment, poverty, low profits, deflation, plunging incomes, and lost opportunities for economic growth and personal advancement
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Unemployed_marching_to_see_Mitchell%2C_1931.jpg

Australia gov states, The Great Depression hardened community attitudes against immigrants. Racism surfaced under the guise of protecting Australian jobs and businesses. Anti-foreigner riots occurred on the Kalgoorlie goldfields in 1934. These were followed by strikes demanding preferential employment for Australian-born workers. Immigrants in the 1920s and 30s maintained contact, where possible, with families and homelands. This was especially important when many were made to feel unwelcome.

The US declares war on Japan. Australia turns to the US for help in its defence after the Japanese take Singapore. Australia allows the US to base its supreme command for the Pacific war on its territory.

Australia begins a scheme for immigration from Europe. Over the next 30 years, more than two million people arrive, about one-third of them from Britain, and hundreds of thousands from Italy, Greece and Germany.
http://resources0.news.com.au/images/2011/01/22/1225992/849436-immigration-nation-the-secret-history-of-us.jpg

The 1967 Referendum proposed to include Aboriginal people in the census.
The 1967 Referendum proposed to allow the Commonwealth government to make laws for Aboriginal people.

http://marnti-warajanga.moadoph.gov.au/images/1967_referendum/brodie_tittums.jpg

Neville Bonner an Australian politician becomes the first Aboriginal to be a Member of Parliament.
http://www.naa.gov.au/Images/Bonner%20-%20highres_tcm16-37337.jpg

people from other countries were encouraged to come to Australia. Migrants have come from Asia, the Middle East and South America as well as Europe
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Asian Immigration increases

In 1982, the Vietnamese Government agreed to let refugees leave Vietnam without persecution, freeing people to come to Australia to be with their families who had fled earlier. By 1985, 70,000 refugees from Southeast Asia, mostly Vietnam, had settled in Australia

There are a number of different types of Australian immigration, classed under different categories of visa.
Employment visas - Australian working visas are most commonly granted to highly skilled workers. Candidates are assessed against a points-based system, with points allocated for certain standards of education. These visas are often sponsored by individual States, which recruit workers according to specific needs. Visas may also be granted to applicants sponsored by an Australian business. The most popular form of sponsored working visa is the 457 visa.
Student visas - The Australian Government actively encourages foreign students to study in Australia. There are a number of categories of student visa, most of which require a confirmed offer from an educational institution.
Family visas - Visas are often granted on the basis of family ties in Australia. There are a number of different types of Australian family visas, including Contributory Parent visas and Spouse visas.
Investor visas - Foreign investors could invest the business or fund in Australia to acquire the Permanent Residential of Australia, after 4 years (including the year which acquire the visa), they need to take the exam and make a declaration in order to be a citizen of Australia