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Russia: 1904-1905
Events
Russo Japanese War Begins
January 26th 1904
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The Russo-Japanese War begins
Pro-Tsarist Rallys
January 30th 1904
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A crowd of more than 80,000 rallies in St. Petersburg in support of the tsar and the government
Declaration of Loyalty
May 20 1904
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A workers’ union represented by Father Gapon presents Tsar Nicholas II with a Declaration of Loyalty
Assassination of Vyacheslav Konstantinovich von Plehve
July 15 1904
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Plehve, a government hardliner and opponent to reform, is killed by radical SRs, sparking public celebrations
Establishment of National Assembly of Zemstvos
Nov 6 1904
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104 delegates from Zemstvos across Russia meet and propose a ‘National Assembly of Zemstvos‘
Pro-Zemstvo Decrees
Dec 12 1904
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Tsarist decrees increase the authority of the Zemstvos and ease censorship, however the tsar does not agree to an assembly
Establishment of 'Vpered'
Dec 22 1904
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Supported by funds from Japan, Lenin launches a left-wing newspaper called 'Vpered'. It lasts for six months before being shut down
Mass Strikes
Jan 3 1905 - Jan 6 1905
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More than 120,000 industrial workers go on strike in St Petersburg
Gapon Rallies Workers
Jan 7 1905
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Striking workers declare their intention to march to the Winter Palace to submit a petition to the tsar. The government moves troops into the city, while Tsarist ministers announce they are not expecting any violence
Bloody Sunday
Jan 9 1905
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Tsarist troops open fire on a peaceful demonstration of workers in the streets of St Petersburg on ‘Bloody Sunday’
Assassination of Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich
Feb 4 1905
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Alexandrovich, the much-hated former governor of Moscow and an uncle of the tsar, is assassinated by an SR agent
Mass Closure of Universities
March 18 1905
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Believing them to be a source of revolutionary ideas and tension, the Tsarist government orders the closure of universities until the next academic year
Odessa Strikes
April 8 1905
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Strikes break out in factories and at the docks in Odessa
The Bolshevik Third Party Congress Begins
Apr 12 1905
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The Bolshevik Third Party Congress begins in London. It hears but rejects a proposal to re-unite with the Mensheviks
Battle of Tsushima
May 15 1905
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The Battle of Tsushima results in almost the entire Russian Baltic Fleet being destroyed or taken captive by the Japanese
Potemkin Mutiny
June 14 1905 - June 24 1905
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Sailors aboard a Russian battleship revolt, murder their officers and take command of the ship
Cossack Shootings
Sep 26 1905
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Cossack soldiers open fire on protestors in Moscow; ten people die
Sevastopol Mutiny
Oct 1 1905 - Nov 26 1905
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An uprising of several thousand military personnel at a naval base in Sevastopol, Ukraine. It is eventually crushed by troops loyal to the tsar
Lenin Urges Revolution
Oct 3 1905
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In exile in London, Lenin calls on Bolsheviks inside to Russia to arm themselves and “form fighting squads at once”
Formation of Soldier's and Worker's Soviet
Oct 13 1905
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A Menshevik-dominated council, the Soviet of Soldiers’ and Workers’ Deputies, is formed in St Petersburg, with Leon Trotsky appointed vice-chairman
October Manifesto
Oct 17 1905
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Nicholas II signs and enacts the October Manifesto. It is received well but does not quell the unrest
Establishment of Council of Ministers
Oct 19 1905
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Sergei Witte announces the creation of a Council of Ministers, offering key posts to Kadets, who refuse the offer
Mass Military Mutinies
Oct 26 1905 - Oct 31 1905
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Mutinies erupt at the Kronstadt and Vladivostok military bases; the Kronstadt sailors vote to form their own soviet
Lenin Returns
Nov 8 1905
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Lenin returns to St Petersburg
Khrustalyov-Nosar Arrested
Nov 26 1905
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The head of the St Petersburg Soviet is arrested by tsarist police
St. Petersburg Soviet Arrests
December 3rd 1905
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Approximately 250 members of the St Petersburg Soviet are arrested, reportedly for taking receipt of a large cache of weapons
Moscow Uprising of 1905
Dec 15 1905 - dec 19 1905
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Tsarist troops finally crush the Moscow uprising, killing hundreds
Reign Reinforced
Dec 15 1905
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Witte orders the army and Tsarist police to crackdown on suspected terrorists, protestors and the radical press
Alexander Kerensky Arrested
Dec 23 1905
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A young radical SR member and future head of the provisional government, Alexander Kerensky, is arrested and imprisoned after being found with inflammatory anti-tsarist literature