Construction of a unified Great Wall of China

Hui Chinese mariner, explorer, diplomat, and fleet admiral during China's early Ming dynasty.

imperial palace from the Ming dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty

new confucianism

Tokugawa Ieyasu was the founder and first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan.

Italian Jesuit priest and one of the founding figures of the Jesuit China missions

last feudal Japanese military government, brought peace to Japan

body of knowledge developed by Japan through its contacts with the Dutch

last imperial dynasty of China

fourth emperor of the Qing dynasty

sixth emperor of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty

ruled most of India and Pakistan in the 16th and 17th centuries

He was the third and one of the greatest rulers of the Mughal Dynasty in India.

dispersion of the Jews outside Israel; Egypt used the Jews as slaves

Shah of Iran and the founder of the Safavid dynasty

decisive victory for the Ottoman Empire over the Safavid Empire.

tenth and longest-reigning sultan of the Ottoman Empire

Ottoman sultan

1453, took Constantinople

Conquered by the Ottomans and renamed Istanbul

Safavid shahs ruled over one of the so-called gunpowder empires.

responsible for the early development of Portuguese exploration and maritime trade

Established the Thirteen Colonies

French Revolution - Napolean Bonaparte

Brazil

Conquered Aztec, Inca, etc

introduced printing to Europe.

founder of modern political science.

Formulated the heliocentric model

established in 1478 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile.

seminal figure in the Protestant Reformation

He sailed around the southernmost tip of Africa in 1488, reaching the Indian Ocean from the Atlantic, the first European known to have done so

established line of demarcation, saying what lands in America belonged to Portugal vs. Spain

principal figure in the development of the system of Christian theology later called Calvinism

Martin Luther, a German monk, posted 95 Theses on a church in 1517. With the help of the printing press, it was widely distributed and more and more people began breaking away from the Roman Catholic Church for religious (or political) reasons and interpreting the Bible themselves.

church officials met at the Council of Trent and began reaffirming old Catholic church ideas, as well as reforming in some ways (banning indulgences, reducing Church materialism). It was relatively successful at stopping the spread of Protestantism.

embodiment of the Counter-Reformation.

historical changes in thought & belief, to changes in social & institutional organization

an organization to pool the interest of many merchants

played a major role in the scientific revolution of the seventeenth century

Spanish fleet of 130 ships

considered one of the founders of modern political philosophy

formed to pursue trade with the East Indies but ended up trading mainly with the Indian subcontinent and Qing China.

Natural Rights

monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715.

took away nearly all power of HRE, affirmed the independence of small German states, Prussia becoming the strongest.

focused on role of mankind in relation to government, influenced creators of US Constitution

Voltaire, was a French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher famous for his wit, his attacks on the established Catholic Church

Francophone Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer of the 18th century

moral philosopher, a pioneer of political economy, and was a key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment era

involved every European great power of the time except the Ottoman Empire and spanned five continents

most renowned and the longest-ruling female leader of Russia

one of the largest states in African history.

Sunni Ali was the first king of the Songhai Empire

ruler of Tenochtitlan

last Sapa Inca of the Inca Empire

Aztec empire falls

Conquered by Pizzaro

first permanent English settlement in the Americas.

First permanent French settlement in North America,

completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean.

Conquered Inca

Spanish explorer, governor, and conquistador. He is best known for having crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in 1513

Portuguese explorer who organised the Spanish expedition to the East Indies

caused the fall of the Aztec Empire

the movement of crops, livestock, diseases, and people between the Americas and Europe

Portuguese explorer and the first European to reach India by sea.

carried slaves, cash crops, and manufactured goods between West Africa, Caribbean or American colonies and the European colonial powers