Important Historical Dates of Ancient Rome

(Mythic literation)

Historical figure

First Etruscan King of Rome

reform of Roman constitution

Last King of Rome; Also Etruscan

Government by 1. Elected Magistrates. 2. Senate. 3. Assemblies
Mixed constitution (ex. Monarchic, Oligarchic, and democratic elements)

Lake Regulus and the Cassian Treaty

Plebeians refused to enlist when Rome threatened by enemies - demanded alterations to credit laws

Political struggle between Patricians and Plebeians over inequalities in Rep. Government.
Plebeians barred from public office and senate, intermarriage with Patricians

Inscribed stones pertaning the Law - provided for the Plabieans

constant pressure from Aequi, Volsci, and Samnites - struggle with Etruscan Veii over control of Tiber Crossing - Power struggle for control over Latin League (Confederation of 30 Latin communities in Latium)

land is absorbed as ager Romanus and distributed to the landless - Roman territory doubles - increase in soldiers (can only be a soldier if you own land)

Rome as Hegemon of the Latin League (Hegemon- when all independent 30 states in crises would come together- Rome was the Hegemon, the head)

Rome gover'ed variously be elected magistrates, military tribunes (10)- 1st and 4th c. BCE, Dictators.
Debt and arbitrary treatment by patrician magistrates still problem. Plebeians demand access to consulship - little success.

Plebeians assert more influence over policy - 287 BCE pass the Lex Hortensia - provided that motions passed in the Plebeian assembly (plebiscita) had the effect of a law (lex) and was binding on all citexens, not just plebeians

Plebeians have the right to the consulship - change in the definition of noble, from based on birth to the achievement of high public office (senate, magistrate) (novus homo- "new man")

Rome defeats the Latin League; Cassian Treaty replaced by a series of separate bi-latera agreements; Rome in control of Latium

Latin League demands a single state with equality between Latins and Romans; Rome refuses

Annexed by Rome and declared ager publicus (public Land)

Rome brought into conflict with other expanding powers

Greek military commander captured in 168 BCE; wrote Roman Histories - eye witness to events from ca. 168 BCE on.

Rome defeats Perseus of Macedon; Macedon divides into four republics

Andriscus defeated by Q. Caecilus Metelleus; Macedon absorbed as a Roman province

supported Caesar; Organized Rome's 1st public library (45 BCE); wrote Human and Divine Antiquities in 41 books. De Lingua Latina

9 political speeches, 4 collections of private letters, 8 works on rhetoric and philosophy

First Latin biographer who survives; wrote On Famous Men

tribune in 52 BCE; expelled from the senate in 50 BCE; commanded legion for Caesar in 49 BCE; Praetor in 46 BCE; Governor of Africa; Tried for extortion; retired and wrote Bellum Catilinae and Bellum Jugurthum

De Architectura

Greek Geographer living in Rome - The Geography

Greek writer living in Rome after 31 BCE; wrote on Roman antiquities - covers the mythical foundations of Rome in the Furst Punic War (264-241 BCE)

History of Rome from its foundation to 9 BCE in 142 books (only 1-10 and 21-45 survive)

Natural Philosopher; wrote natural History

Judaean military commander let troops against the Romans (66-70 CE) and was captured and taken hostage to Rome; Wrote the Jewish Wars (75 CE)

De Aquaeductu; Strategemata (lost)

wrote Parallel Lives; ends with the life of M. Antonius (30 BCE)

105 CE - Historiae (Histories) - covers Roman affairs from the year of the Four Emperors down to the assassination of Domitian (96)

Series of letters in 10 books; 1-9 contain personal and business correspondence/ Book 10 contains letters between Pliny and Trajan

Equestrian; Governor of Bithynia (110 CE); Wrote Lives of the Caesars

Greek senator, Consul by 204 BCE; Roman History (80 volumes) covering the foundation myth down to 229 CE

Wrote Life of Constantine, Life of Pamphilus, On the Martyrs

Continued the work of Tacitus; Covered events from 96 CE to 378 Ce; Eye witness to later events