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10000 BCE - 600 BCE
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In response to warming climates at the end of the last Ice Age, some groups adapted to the environment in new ways, while others remained hunter-foragers. Agriculturalists also had a massive impact on the environment through intensive cultivation of selected plants to the exclusion of others, through the construction of irrigation systems, and through the use of domesticated animals for food and for labor. Pastoralists were mobile, they rarely accumulated large amounts of material possessions, which would have been a hindrance when they changed grazing areas
5000 BCE - 600 BCE
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All civilizations contained cities and generated complex institutions, such as political bureaucracies, armies, and religious hierarchies. As civilizations expanded, they had to balance their need for more resources with environmental constraints such as the danger of undermining soil fertility. Finally, the accumulation of wealth in settled communities spurred warfare between communities and/or with pastoralists; this violence drove the development of new technologies of war and urban defense.
3500 BCE - 2000 BCE
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Trade Writing is The ability to use written symbols to record quantity and meaning is a giant stride in the development of civilization. The Sumerians, in southern Mesopotamia, were the first to develop written language around 3500 B.C.E. Their system of writing was cuneiform, began as literal representations of quantity and pictures. Their writing later evolved into becoming abstract characters and became phonetic
3400 BCE
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The Nile River enabled Egyptians to grow crops in the highlands of Ethiopia
3000 B.C.
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1800 BC - Present
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The association of monotheism with Judaism was further developed with the codification of the Hebrew Scriptures. The Assyrian, Babylonian, and Roman empires conquered various Jewish states at different points in time. These conquests contributed to the growth of Jewish diasporic communities around the Mediterranean and Middle East.
1500 BCE
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The core beliefs outlined in the Sanskrit scriptures formed the basis of the Vedic religions (later known as Hinduism).
600 BCE - 600 CE
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Empires typically collapsed in part due to issues with collecting taxes. Another factor in imperial collapse was government’s inability to assert control over powerful landowners or independent regions. Thousands of years of destructive agricultural practices finally took their toll on land in Africa and Eurasia.
600 BCE - 300 BCE
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Confucianism is a way of life taught by Confucius in China in the 6th–5th century BCE. Confucianism is perhaps best understood as an all-encompassing humanism that neither denies nor slights heaven.
600 BCE - 600 CE
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As the early states and empires grew in number, size, and population, they frequently competed for resources and came into conflict with one another. In quest of land, wealth, and security, some empires expanded dramatically. As these empires expanded their boundaries, they also faced the need to develop policies and procedures to govern their relationships with ethnically and culturally diverse populations: sometimes to integrate them within an imperial society and sometimes to exclude them. By expanding their boundaries too far, they created political, cultural, and administrative difficulties that they could not manage. They also experienced environmental, social, and economic problems when they over exploited their lands and subjects and permitted excessive wealth to be concentrated in the hands of privileged classes.
600 BCE
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Different crops or animals were domesticated in the various core regions, depending on available local flora and fauna.
600 B.C.E. - 600 C.E
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Religion had a big role in the states as it influenced laws and kings and basically everybody in the state. Examples are Buddhism and Christianity.
558 BCE - 330 BCE
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The Persian Empire went through several permutations. Achaemenid Empire, (550–330 BCE), was the first Persian Empire. Alexander the great ended them.
338 BCE
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220 BC - 220 AD
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The Han Dynasty was one of the longest of China’s major dynasties. In terms of power and prestige, the Han Dynasty in the East rivalled its almost contemporary Roman Empire in the West. Han period as an inspiring model of a united empire and self-perpetuating government.
31 BC - 476 CE
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The Roman Empire was the most extensive political and social structure in western civilization. By 285 CE the empire had grown too vast to be ruled from the central government at Rome and so was divided by Emperor Diocletian into a Western and an Eastern Empire. The influence of the Roman Empire on western civilization was profound in its lasting contributions to virtually every aspect of western culture.
200 CE - 284 CE
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Dozens of emperors fought for control of the Roman Empire, and ultimately the empire was divided in two, which contributed to the collapse of the western portion
380 AD - 550 CE
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The Gupta Empire stretched across northern, central and parts of southern India. It began a period of overall prosperity and growth that continued for the next two and half centuries which came to be known as a “Golden Age” in India’s history.
600 CE - 1450 CE
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Diasporic communities were set up along important trade routes, so that they may introduce their own cultural traditions into the indigenous culture.
1450 CE - 1750 CE
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The Atlantic system involved the movement of goods, wealth, and free and unfree laborers, and the mixing of African, American, and European cultures and peoples.
1450 CE - 1750 CE
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The interconnection of the Eastern and Western hemispheres made possible by transoceanic voyaging marked a key transformation of this period. Germs carried to the Americas ravaged the indigenous peoples, while the global exchange of crops and animals altered agriculture, diets, and populations around the planet.
1500 CE - 1600 CE
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During this time, Europe and neighboring countries along the North Atlantic experienced an extremely cold climate, and the Little Ice Age affected agriculture, health, economics, social strife, emigration, art, and literature. Diseases, like malaria, came along with this Little Ice Age and killed mass numbers.
1618 - 1648
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A series of war in central Europe, between protestant and catholic states and the holy Roman Empire.
1700 CE - 1800 CE
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Enlightenment ideas questioned established traditions in all of the areas of life, often preceded revolutions and rebellions against existing governments. Enlightenment ideas can be found in the American Declaration of Independence, French Declaration of rights of Man and Citizen, and Bolivar’s Jamaica Letter. Enlightenment ideas caused people to challenge the existing-notions of social relations. This contributed to the expansion of rights, abolition of slavery and the end of serfdom.
1750 CE - 1900 CE
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American colonial subjects led to a series of rebellions, which facilitated the emergence of independent states in the United States. Revolutionary movements also started up and they include the American Revolution, and the Latin American independence movements, as well as French subjects rebelling against their monarchy.
1750 - 1900
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In industrialized states workers organized themselves so that they could improve working conditions, limit hours, and gain higher wages, while others opposed visions of society, including Marxism
1760
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The industrial production began during the Industrial Revolution, in England, 1760. Europe’s location on the Atlantic, with numerous harbors and ports, gave it access to natural resources and markets outside England’s borders. The demand for processed goods increased, so jobs for the industries hired more workers so they could satisfy the demands at a faster rate. Unfortunately, the structure and conditions of the industry were harsh on the workers, tiring them out and exposing them to diseases within the unsanitary conditions of the factories.
1770
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Colonial resistance to the taxes of the British government led to Boston Massacre when British soldiers opened fire on a mob of colonists, killing 5 men.
1775
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Colonial forces inflicted heavy casualties on the British regiment of General William Howe at Breed’s Hill in Boston.
1776
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With the Revolutionary War in full swing, a growing majority of the colonists had come to favor independence from Britain. On July 4, the Continental Congress voted to adopt the Declaration of Independence.
1789 CE - 1799 CE
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It led to the end of the monarchy. The Revolution ended when Napoleon Bonaparte took power in November 1799 and began his dictatorship. King Louis XVI was executed.
1800 CE
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The Qing had been challenged and undermined by a number of factors
1830 CE
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Piracy died out from the pirates being combatted by natives of the Western Europe and North America nations.
1839 CE - 1860 CE
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The British defeated China in the two Opium Wars and it exposed the political and military weakness of the Qing regime.
1868 CE
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They emerged due to the expansion of the U.S. and European influence over Tojkugawa Japan.
1895 CE
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Naoroji at age 19 became the youngest Indian to be called to the bar in England.
1900 - present
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At the beginning of the 20th century a global political order run by the European existed, it included the United States, Russia, and Japan. As time passed by people and states challenged this order so that they could redistribute power within the existing order and to restructure empires. Some colonies negotiated their independence, while others achieved independence through armed struggle.
1900 - present
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1900 - present
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Transnational movements such as communism, Pan-Arab-ism, and Pan African-ism sought to unite people across national boundaries. These movements challenged racial ideologies because the people supporting the movements want to unite people across national borders.
1900 CE - Present
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Nationalist leaders and parties in Asia and Africa challenged imperial rule, leaders and parties include the Indian national congress, Ho Chi Minn in French Indochina (Vietnam), and Kwame Nkrumah in British Gold Coast(Ghana)
1916 CE
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1917 - 1991
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Communism is the doctrine of the conditions of the liberation of the proletariat.
1947 CE - 1947 CE
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The Partition of India, partitioning of the British Indian Empire into India and Pakistan, led to the creation of the sovereign states of the Dominion of Pakistan. The Dominion of Pakistan splits into Pakistan and Bangladesh and the Union of India
1299 - 1923
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1300 CE
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The Ottoman Empire began to use Christian boys from ages 8 to 18 to be recruited by force to serve the Ottoman government and converted to Islam, and this came to pass as the Devshirme.
1618 CE
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The Ottoman Empire fights against Safavid Persia over control of Mesopotamia
1660 CE
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He led many attacks against the Mughals and their port of Surat.
1674 CE
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Bahnsle received the title “lord of the universe” for his persistence to challenge the Mughals and build a Hindu Kingdom in Marharashta.
January 8, 1926 - August 25, 1945
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As part of a post-colonial solution, the French re-installed Bao Dai as head of state of Vietnam under the French Union.
January 8, 1926 - August 25, 1945
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As part of a post-colonial solution, the French re-installed Bao Dai as head of state of Vietnam under the French Union.
1946 CE - 1954 CE
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The French landed a military force at Haiphong.
Negotiations then took place about the future for Vietnam as a state within the French Union.
Vietnam created its first constitution.
1933 - 1945
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The holocaust, Hitler took over, gassed six million Jews.
1945 CE
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Hitler dies (presumably gunshot) and World War II ends.
1947 - 1991
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The Cold War came due to the global balance of economic and political power shift after World War II.
10,000 B.C. - 4,000 B.C.
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6000 BCE
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Early settlers farmed Northern Mesopotamia’s land
6000 BCE
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Early settlers irrigated the land of Southern Mesopotamia along the banks of the rivers to grow crops.
5200 BC
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3100 BCE - 2686 BCE
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Egypt immediately follows the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt c. 3100 BC. It is generally taken to include the First and Second Dynasties, lasting from the Naqada III archaeological period until about 2686 BC, or the beginning of the Old Kingdom.
2800 BCE
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Egypt contacted Mesopotamia and then developed a writing system too (Hieroglyphs).
2600 BCE
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The Corvée System was created to require subjects to provide labor as payment of tax. Egyptian Old Kingdom (ca 2613 BC) onward, (the 4th Dynasty), corvée labour helped in 'government' projects.
1800 BCE - 1200 BCE
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developed a culture apparently from the indigenous Hatti (and possibly the Hurrian) people, and expanded their territories into an empire which rivaled, and threatened, the established nation of Egypt.
27 BC - 1453 CE
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