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Use Cases
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Resources
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Pricing
The Americas
Early Socities of Mesoamerica
Migrations from Siberia
13000 bce - 9500 bce
% complete
Crossed the Bering land bridge and migrated all across till the tip of South America
Early Agriculture in Mesoamerica
8000 bce - 7000 bce
% complete
Maize
4000 bce
% complete
Discovered the agriculture potential of maize, which became the staple crop of the region
Ball Game
1200 bce
% complete
Calendar to keep track of seasons
1200 bce
% complete
Capital: San Lorenzo
1200 bce - 400 years
% complete
Heartland of the Olmec Society with rich harvests, abundant rainfall, elaborate drainage systems.
Colossal Human Heads
1200 bce
% complete
most distinctive artistic creations from basalt rock from human labor
Diffusion to Andean Society
1200 bce
% complete
cultivation of maize and squash
Human Sacrifice
1200 bce
% complete
math system
1200 bce
% complete
based on the numbers one and five, which they represented using dots and dashes.
people of the rubber country
1200 bce
% complete
e first Mesoamerican culture—and perhaps the first in the world—to extract rubber from rubber plants
river levees
1200 bce
% complete
provide irrigation by occasionally flooding their fields with river water
Slash and Burn Ag
1200 bce
% complete
System of writing
1200 bce
% complete
little survived
The Olmecs
1200 bce - 100 bce
% complete
authoritarian
Trade in Jade and Obsidian
1200 bce
% complete
La Venta
800 bce - 400 bce
% complete
Leadership. Heartland of the Olmec Society with rich harvests, abundant rainfall, elaborate drainage systems.
Tres Zapotes
400 bce - 100 bce
% complete
Heartland of the Olmec Society with rich harvests, abundant rainfall, elaborate drainage systems.
Olmec Decline
100 bce
% complete
Olmec's and intruders destroyed the capitals and statues--maybe bc of civil conflicts or doubts of effectiveness and legitimacy
Maya
Kaminaljuyu
300 bce - 399 ce
% complete
permanent village; ceremonial city; temple; trade routes to central mexico
fell under econ. and political dominance of Teotihuacan
calendar
300 ce
% complete
creates by priests and most elaborate
solar year: 365.242 days
ritual year: 260 days
Maya Society
300 ce - 1100 ce
% complete
ceremonial centers become cities, large markets, specialization of labor
fertile soil and ag.
Small City-Kingdoms
300 ce
% complete
Tikal: largest
Palenque, Chechen Itza
Warfare
300 ce
% complete
Purpose: Capture them in hand-to-hand combat on the battlefield
Captives: Slaves or sacrifice
Tikal: Political Center
301 ce - 900 ce
% complete
high point: 600- 800 ce.
plazas, public building, temples, pyramids, palaces
Tikal: The Temple of the Giant Jaguar
301 ce
% complete
stepped pyramid
dominates skyline
represents control over region of 500k ppl
Agriculture
400 ce
% complete
bc thin soil that lost fertility quickly: built terraces to trap silt
maize, cotton textiles, cacao( eaten by nobles, money)
Mayan Decline
800 ce
% complete
Invasion by foreigners from Mexico; internal dissension and civil war; failure of water control system( low harvest and demographic collapse); eco. prob. bc forests destroyed; epidemics; natural catastrophes;
Chichen Itza: Large Political Framework
900 ce
% complete
Bitter conflicts between small city-kingdoms
wanted to stop hostility and make a large framework
absorb and integrate captives into society
Chichen Itza: Political Stability
900 ce - 1000 ce
% complete
loose empire that brought political stability to northern Yucatan.
Toltecs
high point
950 ce - 1150 ce
% complete
large urban population
Irrigation from River Tula to irrigate
950 ce
% complete
Military
950 ce - 1150 ce
% complete
large and powerful army
compact regional empire
fortresses
exact tribute from people and turn capital into wealthy city
Tula
950 ce
% complete
center of weaving, pottery, and obsidian work
Decilne
1125 ce - 1175 ce
% complete
civil strife; and nomadic incursion; fire
Mexica
mexica
1345 ce - 1519 ce
% complete
Reputation
1345 ce
% complete
kidnapping women; taking others cultivated land
Tenochtitlan
1345 ce
% complete
Lake texcoco
chinampa system of ag.
natural defense
patrol 3 causeways that link to main land
Military Campaign
1400 ce
% complete
imperial expansion
advanced against Oaxaca and became a bulwark
conquer cities between Tenochtitlan and Gulf Coast
Joined forces with Texcoco and Tlacopan
Aztec
Objective: Tribute
1400 ce
% complete
Itzcoatl (Obsidian Serpent)
1428 ce - 1440 ce
% complete
Motecuzoma
1440 ce - 1469 ce
% complete
Early Socities of South America
Migration across Isthumus of Central Amerca
12000 bce
% complete
Climate Change and Agriculture
8000 bce
% complete
Climate becomes dry, so the people take up ag., which leads to population growth, est. of villages and cities, state building, org. cultural traditions
Cultivation and Permanent stttlements( mainly coastal regions)
2500 bce - 2000 bce
% complete
early: beans, peanuts, and sweet potatoes
llamas and alpacas
cotton: fishnets and textiles
Construct Canals and Irrigation Systems
1800 bce
% complete
Distinctive potery, Cermonial Centers: Temples and Pyramids
1800 bce
% complete
Diffusion to Central America
1000 bce
% complete
gold, silver, copper metallurgy
Early Andean Valleys : Politics and Econ.
1000 bce - 700 ce
% complete
conquers unified each valley and organized them into integrated societies
irrigation systems
trade and exchange networks tie highlands, central valleys, and coastal regions
highlands: potatoes, llama meat, alpaca wool
central valleys: maize, beans, and squash
coast: sweet potatoes, fish, cotton
Chavin Cult
900 bce - 300 bce
% complete
Popular: 900-300
Prominent site: Chavin de Huantar
Arose when maize was important to promote fertility and abundant harvests
society became complex: looms for cotton and wool; metallurgy; copper tools
Cities
200 bce
% complete
big pop., large public buildings, ceremonial plazas, districts
Teotihuacan Society
200 bce - 750 ce
% complete
Mochica Society
300 ce - 700 ce
% complete
Painting on pottery: depiction of society
ceramic portraits of god/goddesses
evidence w/ specialization of labor art