Early Civilizations

This was an Egyptian writing system, archaeologist have known about it but did no know what it meant till 1799 that someone got the key they needed to read it.

The Old Kingdom lasted from about 2700 to 2200 B.C.E.They also had great pyramids built as tombs for themselves. Some historians call this time the Age of the Pyramids.

Khufu was the pharaoh who build the pyramid he ruled in the old kingdom

This city was located on Nile just south of a cataract.

sometimes called the Period of Reunification because it followed years of chaos and disunity.Egyptians enjoyed many great achievements in literature, art, and architecture

It is often called Egypt’s Golden Age. During this time of peace and stability, ancient Egypt’s power reached its height. Pharaohs increased trade and had huge monuments built

located in what is now southeastern Mauritania, and Western Mali. Complex societies had existed in the region since about 1500 BCE, and around Ghana's core region since about 300 CE. When Ghana's ruling dynasty began is uncertain, it is first mentioned in documentary sources around 830 CE.

The Songhai Empire was a state located in western Africa. From the early 15th to the late 16th century, Songhai was one of the largest Islamic empires in history. This empire bore the same name as its leading ethnic group, the Songhai. Its capital was the city of Gao, where a Songhai state had existed since the 11th century. Its base of power was on the bend of the Niger River in present day Niger.

This was empire when it collapsed.

The Mali Empire was a West African empire of the Mandinka from c. 1230 to c. 1600. The empire was founded by Sundiata Keita and became renowned for the wealth of its rulers, especially Mansa Musa I. The Mali Empire had many profound cultural influences on West Africa, allowing the spread of its language, laws and customs along the Niger River. It extended over a large area and consisted of numerous vassal kingdoms and provinces