Rise Of Fascism

• The ruling liberal party forced many political issues, opposition from Nationalists, establishment of catholic party in 1919, the socialist party
• 1917 the socialist party called for and overthrow of the government and a new socialist state
• Socialist had 50k members in 1914 but 200k in 1919
• Socialist trade unions had 2.5M members by the end of the year
• In the north, socialists took control of local government a threat to the rich but the liberal government did nothing

Local government groups
Land occupation
Strikes- trade unions

The ruling liberal party faced many political issues,
opposition from Nationalsits, establishments of a catholic
party in 1919, the socialist party

March on Rome - oct, 22
Balbo said he will march on Rome with or without Mussolini.
- October 22, march on Rome
- Not allowed to bring armies south of the river Rubicon
but Mussolini did
-Local action squads to be organized into a militia. Take
control of civil fuctions central / northern Italy

ESTABLISHES THE GRAND COUNCIL IN december
Mussolini appoints concul members
He institue the grand council where he can choose his own concul

16/11 - Mussolini speak in parliament for emergency power

he talk about the situation in Italy ( economy and politics) and how he can solve them and save Rome. To do this he need emergency power .

initial success
Facta resigns as prime minister (he ask the king to use the militariy against the fascism but the king refuses.)
Fascists reach Rome 30/10(become a myth for all fascists )
Mussolini become prime minister through legal means
4 seats were only available for fascists

29/10 Salandra advice the king to appoint Mussolini as the prime Minister

• Socialist/Commuist boycott Parliment trying to force the king to dismiss Mussolini Dec. Leading RAS pressure Mussolini for more drastic action -Mussolini must become a Bona Fide Dictator or will be overthrown

Greee do not pay what Italy wants so Italy invades.
Propaganda Success!

April election
fascist press the opposition, voting rigged, votes fir dead people, stolen ballot boxes, stolen boxes.
Fascist + right wing liberals won 63% . Out of 535 seats, the fascist won 375.

• August. meeting of opposition parties banned
• December, Mussolini head of government
• The king at this point needs Mussolinis approval to hire and fire ministers
• 11 duche, Mussolini hold & minister posts himself

• Increased violence (political violence)
• Farinacci parged the fascist party

Press Laws
- Closing anti fascist publications (punishable by jail)
-1925 all journalists registered with the fascist party
- August 1925, Local government replaced by fascist officials (RAS, local control)
-3/9 1925, Meeting of opposiotion parties banned
- December 1925, Mussolini head of government

Mussolini gives himself power to issue decrees without parlimentarys concent
- managed to make fascist a majority, changed political power structure
1926
1926

- Assasination attemtps against Mussolini results in a ban on all other political parties

Socialists:
- trade unions outlawed
- Special counts for political offences
- Emergency power

Secret police to repress political opponents was founded

Elections, men aged 21 or older / members of fascist groups could vote for any political party
Fear of fascist violence
King power over the country reduces dramatically

RI (Istituto per la Ricostruzione Indusriale) allows the government to control all economic sectors.

Italy wants to invade
Checkoslovakia

Mussolini is overthrown but then reinstalled in Northern Italy by Germany.

Mussolini is executed during the last days of WWII by a group of Italian Communists in Giulino di Mezzegra, Italy.