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1609 - 1775
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Mainly white settlers who crossed the Atlantic looking for adventure, religious freedom, and glory. Africans were also brought over during this period for slavery, but some came for indentured servitude. Most immigrants in this period were from England.
http://immigrationtounitedstates.org/603-immigration-waves.html
1717 - 1783
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Britain transported around 50,000 British convicts to America to remove them out of their own country in what was part of the Transportation Act.
https://edu.hstry.co/timeline/a-history-of-immigration-in-the-usa
1814 - 1850
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The Bourbon Restoration in France and the numerous failed European revolutions around the mid to late 1840s resulted in a fractional number of French, Dutch, Polish, and Austrian immigrants who represented well-educated and occasionally radical mindsets.
https://edu.hstry.co/timeline/a-history-of-immigration-in-the-usa
1820 - 1870
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Immigrants started coming in some number of years after the conclusion of the American Revolution. Many Irish arrived on the East Coast due to the potato famine in Ireland. A large influx of German immigrants also arrived but started moving more inland to become farmers. Opportunity for work on the railroad and the lure of gold attracted huge numbers of Chinese immigrants to the West Coast. The Chinese were payed badly though and lived in squalor.
http://immigrationtounitedstates.org/603-immigration-waves.html
1880 - 1930
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The government set forth regulations that made immigrants have to learn English as a language. Additionally, English literacy skills were required and incoming immigrants had to be better trained and skilled in their work in order to be seen as contemporaries.
https://edu.hstry.co/timeline/a-history-of-immigration-in-the-usa
1881 - 1920
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Poor immigrants had better opportunities to reach America due to cheaper oversea travel. Most immigrants in this period came from southern and eastern Europe (countries like Russia and Italy), and new immigration laws made immigration from Asian countries extremely difficult. Southern and eastern European immigrants endured many hardships and hostilities yet many more continued to pour in. Many of these immigrants lived in big cities like New York City and worked in large factories.
http://immigrationtounitedstates.org/603-immigration-waves.html
1882 - 1943
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The Chinese Exclusion Act prohibited Chinese immigration to the United States. The Act was supposed to last only 10 years but wasn't repealed until 1943.
https://edu.hstry.co/timeline/a-history-of-immigration-in-the-usa
1924 - 1926
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Labor unions pressure Congress into setting comprehensive immigration quotas so that laborers don't have to compete as much for their jobs.
http://www.immigrationeis.org/about-ieis/us-immigration-history
1965 - Present
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New immigration quotas made immigration to the United States far less restrictive in terms of country emigrated from or nationality. Early on, large influxes of Asian immigration were the norm but in the second half immigrants have been primarily from areas like Mexico, the Caribbean, and South America. Illegal immigration in this period is higher than it has been since immigration laws were set forth by the U.S. government. Additionally, the movement of laborers between Mexico and the U.S. is the most significant and longest lasting exchange in immigrants between any two countries in the world.
http://immigrationtounitedstates.org/603-immigration-waves.html