Enlightenment Period

Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese explorer who organised the Castilian expedition to the East Indies from 1519 to 1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth by Juan Sebastián Elcano.

Martin Luther was a German professor of theology, composer, priest, monk and a seminal figure in the Protestant Reformation.

Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino, known as Raphael, was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance.

Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, was a Spanish writer who is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the Spanish language and one of the world's pre-eminent novelists.

Galileo Galilei was an Italian astronomer, physicist, engineer, philosopher, and mathematician who played a major role in the scientific revolution of the seventeenth century.

William Shakespeare was an English poet, playwright, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist.

Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, in some older texts Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, was an English philosopher, best known today for his work on political philosophy

John Locke FRS was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism"

Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu, generally referred to as simply Montesquieu, was a French lawyer, man of letters, and political philosopher who lived during the Age of Enlightenment.

François-Marie Arouet was a French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher famous for his wit, his attacks on the established Catholic Church, and his advocacy of freedom of religion, freedom of expression, and separation of church and state.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a Francophone Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer of the 18th century.