Banking

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/FirstBankofUS00_crop.jpg
The First Bank of The United States was needed because the government had a debt from the Revolutionary War. Each state had a different form of currency. The bank went away because state banks opposed it.

http://www.us-coin-values-advisor.com/images/Second-Bank-of-the-US.jpg
This bank was chartered with the same responsibilities and powers as the First Bank. The Second Bank of the US failed because it didn't regulate state banks or charter any other bank.

http://www.learnnc.org/lp/media/uploads/2008/10/nc1863-2_at_150.jpg
Before the American Civil War started, the U.S. Government was debt was more then $64 million. Once the war began debt grew. The Government started printing money as a solution.

http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/images/national.jpg
The National Banking Act stated that banks could have a state or federal charter.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Fed_Reserve.JPG/220px-Fed_Reserve.JPG
Before 1913 investors were unsure about the safety of their deposits. The Federal Reserve Act gave the 12 Federal Reserve banks the ability to print money in order to ensure economic stability.

http://workforall.net/2011/Great-depression-bank-run.jpg
After the stock market crash of 1929 hundreds of thousands of customers began to withdraw their deposits. With no money to lend, the American banking crisis deepened. This was later know as the Great Depression.

http://cdn.americanbanker.com/media/newspics/0601111933.jpg
The Glass-Steagall Banking Act was passed during the Great Depression. It prevented commercial banks from trading securities with their clients deposits.

http://www.vernitaxlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/fifth_amendment_fbar-300x175.jpg
In 1970 a Bank Secrecy Act was established. It requires financial institutions in the U.S. to assist U.S. government agencies to detect and prevent money laundering.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Economic_growth_of_Chile.PNG
In Chile, a major economic crisis took place. The unemployment rate rose.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/GrammLeachBliley.jpg/350px-GrammLeachBliley.jpg
The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act attempts to update and modernized the financial industry, It repealed the Glass-Steagall Act. It also stated that banks and other financial institutions were not allowed to offer financial services.