New Testament History

REFERENCES:
"The Acts of the Apostles; A Socio-Rhetorical Commentary" Ben Witherington

Roman Emperors

Augustus

29 BC - 14 AD

Tiberius

14 AD - 37 AD

This color used for the line of Augustus

Caligula

37 AD - 41 AD

Claudius

41 AD - 54 AD

Nero

54 AD - 68 AD

64 AD - Fire of Rome

Vespasian

69 AD - 79 AD

Titus

79 AD - 81 AD

This color used for the line of Vespasian

Domitian

81 AD - 96 AD

Nerva

96 AD - 98 AD

Trajan

98 AD - 117 AD

This color used for the line of Nerva

Rulers

Herod the Great

37 BC - 4 BC

Archelaus (Ethnarch)

4 BC - 6 AD

Herod Antipas (Tetrarch)

4 BC - 39 AD

Took Herodias, his half-brother Philip's wife

Philip I the Tetrarch

4 BC - 34 AD

Married Salome
NOT the Philip who was husband to Herodias

Coponius

6 AD - 9 AD

Governor of Judea

Marcus Ambibulus

9 AD - 12 AD

Governor of Judea

Annius Rufus

12 AD - 15 AD

Governor of Judea

Valerius Gratus

15 AD - 26 AD

Governor of Judea

Pontius Pilate

26 AD - 36 AD

Governor of Judea

Marcellus

36 AD - 37 AD

Governor of Judea

Herod Agrippa I 'the King'

37 AD - 44 AD

Killed James
Imprisoned Peter
Died of worms

Marullus

37 AD - 41 AD

Governor of Judea

Herod Chalcis

41 AD - 48 AD

Herod Agrippa II

50 AD - 70 AD

Felix

52 AD - 59 AD

Unclear whether Felix left in 59 or 60.

Porcius Festus

60 AD - 62 AD

Jewish History

Herod finishes building Caesarea Maritima

9 BC

The Jewish Revolt

66 AD - 73 AD

Destruction of Jerusalem

70 AD

NT History

Jesus Christ

6 BC - May 14, 33 AD

Crucifixion

April 3, 33 AD

https://cbs.mbts.edu/2020/04/08/april-3-ad-33-why-we-believe-we-can-know-the-exact-date-jesus-died/

Resurrection

April 5, 33 AD

Ascension

May 15, 33 AD

40 days after the resurrection; May 14-16, depending on how this is counted.

Pentecost

May 24, 33 AD

Death of Stephen

34 AD

34-37

Conversion of Paul

35 AD

34-37
by 35 AD per Bock ('Acts')

Conversion of Cornelius

38 AD

Peter's imprisonment

43 AD

"Peter was imprisoned in 43 or very early in 44." (Witherington, p, 80)

Death of James

44 AD

Death of Herod Agrippa

March, 44 AD

Famine under Claudius

46 AD - 48 AD

"'Ant. 20.51-53 and 20.101 suggest that the famine took place during the time when Tiberius Alexander was governor in Judea, namely sometime during 46-48." (Witherington, 'Acts,' p. 79)
"We may be able to be more specific in view of the work of K. S. Gapp, who has evaluated the records from Egypt, the breadbasket of the Empire, in regard to grain prices, and he confirms that a famine must have taken place beginning in 45 or 46 due to a deficient or excessive seasonal tide of the Nile and continuing into the following spring of 46 or possibly 47. The famine probably really began to affect Jerusalem and Judea in 46, and its effects were exacerbated in Judea by the sabbatical year 47-48. Queen Helena of Adiabene is said to have come to Jerusalem during this time, seen people dying, and sent to Cyprus for figs and to Egypt for grain to alleviate the problem (Ant. 3.320f; 20.51-53, 101)." (Witherington p. 80)

Famine Relief by Paul and Barnabas

48 AD

Witherington, p. 79
Acts 11:27-30
Per Witherington; Acts 11:27-30, Galatians 2:1-10

Paul's 1st Missionary Journey

48 AD

Edict of Claudius - Jews Banished from Rome

49 AD

Jerusalem Counsel

49 AD

48-50
Paul's third visit to Jerusalem (Gal 2:1). Compare with his second visit to Jerusalem (Gal 1:18) and his first visit to Jerusalem (Act 9)
"Probably, it was at least as early as 50 if allowance for Paul's travel time and missionary work in Corinth is to be allowed, and more likely it should be pushed a little further back to the latter part of 49." (Witherington, 'Acts,' p. 79)
AD 49 per Bock ('Acts')

Paul's 2nd Missionary Journey

50 AD - 52 AD

Gallio governor of Corinth

51 AD - 52 AD

Between the summer of 51 and the summer of 52 AD (per Witherington)
AD 52-53 (twelfth year of Claudius' reign) per Bock

Paul's 3rd Missionary Journey

53 AD - 57 AD

Per Witherington; or till 58 AD

Paul Arrested in Jerusalem

57 AD

Paul's Roman House Arrest

60 AD - 62 AD

Per Bock and Witherington

Tradition and Legend

Andrew dies

60 AD

Release and Further Journeys of Paul

64 AD - 65 AD

Paul's Second Imprisonment and Death

65 AD - June 29, 66 AD

...as the Christian Church has generally agreed that this apostle’s martyrdom took place on the 29th of June, a.d. 66,... (Clarke)

Death of Paul

67 AD

Death of Peter

67 AD

Timothy killed

97 AD

Death of John the Apostle

98 AD

98-100

New Testament Scriptures

Mark written

50 AD

Galatians written

54 AD

52 - 57

1 Corinthians written

56 AD

1 Timothy written

57 AD

c. 57 or c. 65
written after leaving Ephesus on the way to Macedonia
Later date only if Paul visited Ephesus again after being released from Roman prison

2 Corinthians written

57 AD

After Romans was written
written from Macedonia

Romans written

57 AD

written from Ephesus, during the 3rd missionary journey

James written

60 AD

58-60

Colossians written

62 AD

Ephesians written

62 AD

Written from Rome

Luke written

62 AD

before Acts

Philemon written

62 AD

Acts written

63 AD

Maybe 2 years after Paul's imprisonment? After Luke

Philippians written

64 AD

Near the end of his first imprisonment

1 Peter written

65 AD

2 Timothy written

65 AD - 66 AD

If Paul was killed after his first imprisonment, then an earlier date is possible, but I think that the later date is more probable

Hebrews written

65 AD

Titus written

65 AD

2 Peter written

66 AD

Jude written

90 AD

Wide range of possible date: early 60s to 90

John written

95 AD

1 John written

97 AD

2 John written

98 AD

3 John written

98 AD

It is probable, but not certain, that 1-3 John were written in order

Revelation written

98 AD

Jewish High Priests

Source: https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/high-priests-of-the-second-temple-period

Simon ben Boethus

23 BC - 5 BC

Matthias ben Theophilus

5 BC - 4 BC

Eleazar ben Boethus

4 BC - 3 BC

Joazar ben Boethus

4 BC - 4 BC

Joshua ben Sie

3 BC - 0 AD

Joazar ben Boethus

0 AD - 6 AD

Ananus ben Seth

6 AD - 15 AD

Biblical Ananias

Ishmael ben Fabus

15 AD - 16 AD

Eleazar ben Ananus

16 AD - 17 AD

Simon ben Camithus

17 AD - 18 AD

Joseph Caiaphas

18 AD - 36 AD

Jonathan ben Ananus

36 AD - 37 AD

Theophilus ben Ananus

37 AD - 41 AD

Simon Cantatheras ben Boethus

41 AD - 43 AD

Elioneus ben Simon Cantatheras

43 AD - 44 AD

Matthias ben Ananus

43 AD - 43 AD

Jonathan ben Ananus

44 AD - 44 AD

Josephus ben Camydus

44 AD - 46 AD

Ananias ben Nebedeus

46 AD - 58 AD

Witherington ('Acts') indicates that Ananias transferred power to Ishmael in 59 AD (p. 78)

Ishmael ben Fabus

58 AD - 62 AD

Jonathan

58 AD - 58 AD

Joseph Cabi ben Simon

62 AD - 63 AD

Ananus ben Ananus

63 AD

Joshua ben Damneus

63 AD

Joshua ben Gamaliel

63 AD - 64 AD

Mattathias ben Theophilus

65 AD - 66 AD

Phannias ben Samuel

67 AD - 70 AD