Hadley Unit 4 1800-1846 Group 1

Now, more people were involved with voting as voting rights became more loose. This changed the tradition of notable presidents. New parties came about and politics were changed. If this didn't happen, then Notable Presidents would have remained in office, and no parties would have came about in the new political time.

The Second Bank of the United States was set up to stabilize the nations money supply, but didn't really work. The Second Bank had many enemies, but a political "miscalculation" is what brought its downfall, by people who supported it. Jackson held to his guns about the national bank and around 1833, the Bank was "destroyed". If this wouldn't have happened, then small banks would have either gone out of business or merged to make just a few big national banks, thus, making it more difficult for people to deal with money.

The majore battle of the Adams administration came over tariffs. The Tariff of 1816 had placed high duties on imports of cheap cloth. In 1824, Adams and Clay secured a new tariff that protected New England and Pennsylvania manufacturers from more expensive woolen and cotton textiles and also English iron goods. Many states refused these tariffs that later gets into Nullification problems but if these tariffs didn't exsist, British imports would have domnated the market, thus, significantly inhibiting American industrial development.

White voices throughout the South and Midwest demanded the resettlement of Indian people west of the Mississippi River. This was because people wanted the last bit of land Indians had left. Many Indians were furious because in order to live where they were, they had adopted white ways. Soon, Jackson made it official with the Indian Removal Act of 1830.This created the Indian Territory on national lands that were acquired in the Louisiana Purchase and located in present day Oklahoma and Kansas. When some Indians had not moved by the deadline in 1838, the people left were marched 1200 miles to the new land for them known as the Trail of Tears. Many Indians died on this journey of starvation and exposure. If this wouldn't have happened, then Indians would have still lived all over America, thus, creating less space for factories and living space for whites.

The election of 1824 was where 5 republican candidates ran for the United States Presidency. They were soon narrowed down to Andrew Jackson and John Adams. John Adams did not receive the most votes but was still able to win. If John had not won the presidency then the House of Representatives would not have been used to determine the president, thus they would be determined by the popular vote.

The corrupt bargain was a term used by Andrew Jackson's supporters for the appointment by President John Quincy Adams of Henry Clay as his secretary of state. Clay had used his influence as Speaker of the House to elect Adams rather than Jackson in the election in 1824.

If the corrupt bargain had not happened, then Jackson and Clay would not have hated each other so much, thus lessening the possibility that Clay would try to trick Jackson into vetoing the extension of the Second Bank of the United State's charter which was part of a plan to split the democratic party, but rather strengthened Jackson's presidency.

John Quincy Adams beat out Jefferson to become the President of the United States. This was an odd election because John had not won the popular vote and was elected by the House of Representatives. He encouraged the Native Americans to stay on their land and supported the National Bank. If this had not happened then John Quincy Adams would not have become president thus jefferson would not have been angry and fought so hard to become the president in the next election.

This election was a bit different than the previous election in 1824. Candidates were now using newspapers and word of mouth to campaign for themselves. The amount of people that voted went up to about 50 percent. If this had not happened then there would have been no campaigning for the candidates, thus people would not be knowledgeable on them.

People warned that tariffs endangered the unions but for a while government didn't do anything. Soon the people adopted an Ordinance of Nullification declaring the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 to be null and void. This finally caught the governments attention and they hoped to find an "in-between". The states had to follow the tariffs but they were lowered. Many believed that this compromise was basically dodging a bullet because states not following laws could have ended badly. If the Tariffs wouldn't have been lowered, then the states would have ignored the government and not followed the tariffs, thus, the government would loose a lot of control.

This is the tariff that occurred in 1828, that hurt the south and benefited the north. This benefited the north because it protected it against the monopolies of Britain. The south became enraged because they did not need this new protection since they were producing cotton and had basically a monopoly ran through it. If this had not happened then the south would have been a much stronger and would not have lost money, thus they would not have shifted the blame on John Quincy Adams and he may have won a second term.

When President Jackson was in office, many big events happened. If he would have never been president, then the Second bank would have been still standing, thus, making sort of a "monopoly" of banks, and small banks would go out of business.

The Force Bill stipulated that the president could, if he deemed it necessary, deploy the U.S. Army to force South Carolina to comply with the law.

If the nullification of South Carolina had not happened, then Congress would not have passed the Force Bill at Jackson's request, thus Abraham Lincoln may not have been able to defend the Union during the secession of 1861 because he used the Force Bill in his strategy.

The Whig Party was the second national party that arose when a group of congressmen contested Andrew Jackson's policies and conduct. The party identified itself with the pre-Revolutionary American and British parties - also called Whigs - that had opposed the arbitrary actions of the British monarchs.

If the Whig Party had not formed, then strategic campaigning taxes such as denouncing opposing candidates and allowing women to join campaign festivities may not have existed, thus changing the outcome of elections due to lack of propaganda advertising the candidates from each party. This propaganda helped the Whigs get John Tyler elected into presidency.

Martin Van Buren was Jackson's appointed successor, but faced great competition from the four candidates from the Whig Party for votes. The Whigs plan did not succeed in preventing his election, but he only got 51% of the popular vote, and did not get reelected in 1840. The Panic of 1843 was a major factor in his presidency.

If Van Buren would have revoked the Specie Circular and taken action to stimulate the economy, then more Americans would have supported him in the election of 1840, thus possibly getting him reelected and lessening the influence of the Whig Party, who was able to get John Tyler elected in 1840.

The Panic of 1837 caused the American economy to fall into a very deep depression. By 1843, canal construction had dropped by 90%, prices and wages had fallen by 50%, and unemployment in seaports and industrial centers had reached 20%. If this wouldn't have happened, then unemployment wouldn't have been such an issue, thus, more stable incomes would have been available making the economy stronger.

The great rise in population in cities such as Philadelphia, New Orleans, and New York caused great changes in urban popular culture.

If the population had not risen in urban cities, then many young men and women would not have flocked to the cities in search of adventure and fortune, only to find a hard life. Thus not forcing young women, who were too proud to work as domestic servants or accept subsistence wages, to turn to prostitution and also changing the sexual freedom of young adults in America.

The Underground Railroad was a network of secret routes and safe houses used by 19th-century slaves of African descent in the United States to escape to free states and Canada with the aid of abolitionists and allies who were sympathetic to their cause. If the Underground Railroad had not happened, then there would not have been as many freed slaves, thus lessening the amount of people who spoke out against slavery.

This was founded by John Humphrey Noyes. He believed that all residents were married to each other. If this had not been created then the residents would not have followed the morals of before, thus adultery would probably have increased.

Americans began feeling unhappy about how their lives were. They wanted more and sought for more. They began creating new groups such as the shakers and the fourierists. If this had not happened then utopias may have not been created, thus they would not have sought for land rights.

Many social movements were being sparked, one of them being Mormonism, which emerged from religious ferment amoung gamilies of Puritan descent who lived along the Erie Canal. They believed in a world of wonders, supernatural powers, and visions of the divine. If the religion wouldn't have came about, then the world wide religion of Mormon belief we have today wouldn't be there thus, more people would have to resort to Christianity or something other.

Thousands of Americans grew dissatisfied with life in America's emerging market society and retreated into rural areas of the Northeast and Midwest. There they sought to create idea communities know as utopias, that would allow people to live differently and realize their spiritual potential. If this would not have happened, then thousands of people wouldn't have poured into the cities of the United States, thus, sexual norms, reinforced traditional racist feelings, and encouraged new styles of dress and behavior wouldn't have happened.

The abolitionist crusade of the 1830s drew on the religious enthusiasm of the Second Great Awakening. It was a movement to end slavery, whether formal or informal. In Western European and America, abolitionism was a historical movement to end the African and Indian slave trade and set slaves free. If this wouldn't have came about, then rebellions wouldn't have happened, thus slavery would continue.

This was where people created plays in theatres to practice racism. If this had not taken place then racism may have been a little less of an issue, thus african americans would not have been looked down at.

Nat Turner was a slave in Virginia who created a major slave revolt. He was a slave, but had taught himself how to read and write. He created a revolt and killed 55 people including men, women and children. If this had not happened then slaves would have been able to learn to read and write still and it would not have created slave owners to become scared of blacks, thus the american anti slavery would not have been created either.

Transcendentalism was an idealistic philosophical and social movement that developed in New England around 1832 in reaction to rationalism. Influenced by romanticism, Platonism, and Kantian philosophy, it taught that divinity pervades all nature and humanity, and its members held progressive views on feminism and communal living. Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau were central figures. If this didn't happen, then Emerson wouldn't have been so influenced to write and be so open on his views, thus, less people would have been influenced by him to write.

The Gag Rule was a procedure in the House of Representatives by which antislavery petitions were automatically tabled when they were received so that they could not become subject of debate.

If the gag rule did not exist, the the House would have been forced to discuss topics related to slavery sooner and make decisions regarding the future of slaves, thus quickly the process of emancipation and making the acts of the American Anti-Slavery Society more effective.

Motives pertaining to financially irresponsible husbands, property rights, etc. prompted legislatures in Mississippi, Maine, and Massachusetts. Then women activists in New York won a comprehensive statute that became the model for fourteen other states. The New York statute of 1848 gave women full legal control over the property they brought to a marriage. If this didn't happen, then women wouldn't have a say in laws and regulations, thus, men would have more power in politics and social life.

The American Renaissance was a literary explosion during the 1840s inspired in part by Emerson's ideas on the liberation of the individual.

If the American Renaissance had not happened, then the idea of transcendentalism would not have spread throughout the country and inspired authors like Margaret Fuller to write her book, "Woman in the Nineteenth Century", thus lessening the inspiration and impact of women writers and reformers who fought for women's rights in America.

Dorothea Dix began a national movement to establish state asylums for the mentally ill.

If Dorothea Dix had not worked to create better insane asylums and prisons, then not only would many patients and criminals have had to suffer through extremely harsh conditions, but other women reformers and teacher would not have been inspired to take a stance in the workplace, thus not allowing for as great of a representation of women in education.

This convention issued a rousing manifesto extending to women the egalitarian republican ideology of the Declaration of Indpendence. It advertised itself as "a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman". Held in Seneca Falls, New York, it spanned two days over July 19–20, 1848. If this wouldn't have happened, women wouldn't have had a say in the issues, thus, lessening women's role even more in politics.

This is where southerners began dressing and acting with more class. If this had not happened then there would not have been a separation in class, thus there would not be a lower and upper class.

This is where slaves were split up from their families and traded to other parts of southern states. If this had not happened then slaves would not have been split up from their families, thus people may not have opposed slavery quite as much.

By 1840, gradual emancipation laws had stopped bound labor in the North (Slavery). The South still needed some work though. If African Americans had not been freed, then they would not have had the opportunity to influence and develop schools as well as fellowship groups which supported African Americans and their freedom, thus, not giving blacks any say in culture or society.

In 1807, Congress outlawed the Atlantic Slave Trade which was many southern planters main source of acquiring slave labor.

If the Atlantic Slave Trade had not been outlawed, then southern planters would have continued buying slaves from across the Atlantic, thus not allowing for the formation of domestic slave trade in America such as the coastal trade and the inland system.

The Alabama Constitution of 1819 granted suffrage to all white men, thus diminishing the power held by the planter aristocrats.

If the Alabama Constitution of 1819 had not been adopted, then the planter aristocrats would have held almost all the power in the state, thus not allowing taxation on slaves and causing an even more deprived life for poor freemen because they would face the consequences of not having taxes on slaves.

The Alabama Constitution of 1819 granted suffrage to all white men; it also provided for a secret ballot,rather than voice-voting; apportionment of legislative seats based on population; and the election of county supervisors, sheriffs, and clerks of court. If this wouldn't have happened, then people would be pressured to vote as others did, thus, the correct decision on taxation policy's, etc. wouldn't have been possible.

Black Protestantism is a form of Protestantism that was devised by Christian slaves in the Chesapeake and spread to the Cotton South as a result of the domestic slave trade. It emphasized the evangelical message of emotional conversion, ritual baptism, communal spirituality, and the idea that blacks were "children of God" and should be treated accordingly.

If black protestantism had not emerged, then the slave society would not have shared such a homogenous culture, thus not allowing for organized, passive revolts against the slave owners and men like Bishop Richard Allen would not have developed churches that preached against slavery.

The north was not nearly the supporter of slavery as the south was. This resulted in many slaves being freed in the north causing them to take low skilled jobs. If this had not happened then africans would not have been free, thus they would not have claimed the unskilled jobs.

Gang-labor systems were systems of work discipline used on southern cotton plantations in the mid-nineteenth century in which white overseerers or black drivers supervised gangs of enslaved laborers to achieve greater productivity. Slaves no longer had any free time and were banned from growing their own crops.

If the gang-labor system had not been adopted, then the task system would have been more universal among slaves in America, thus allowing slaves to grow their own crops and live a happier lifestyle thus lessening the number of slave uprisings and passive aggressive acts.

There were many different thoughts on Mexico. If this had not happened then there would not be disagreements over texas and mexicans and americans would not dislike each other.

Cotton becomes one of the main crops in America which majorly increased the want for slaves. This is also why there was many African Americans migrating because they were being sold to plantations. If this had not happened then increased slavery would not have happened, thus African Americans would not have had to be torn apart from families to be sold.

If the cotton boom had been extremely profitable for planters, then thousands of slaves would not have been bought from the Upper South and transported to the Deep/Cotton South, thus not separating blacks from their families and creating a new branch of Southern Aristocracy in the form of Cotton Entrepreneurs.

Southern apologists in the 1830s argued that the institution was a positive good because it subsidized an elegant lifestyle for a white elite and provided tutelage for genetically inferior Africans. If this would have not happened, then more people would doubt slavery, thus, slavery might have been abolished sooner.

The South was a society in which the institution of slavery affected all aspects of life. Most white southerners didn't own slaves though. Slave society was basically a society where the fundamental class conflict is based on the division of people into masters and slaves, with slaves being the dominant producing class, and ownership over this complete commodification of the human being controlled by masters. If this wouldn't have happened the South wouldn't have had direct contact with slaves, thus, less debates over the morals of slavery would have happened.

The Battle of the Alamo was the defeat by the Spanish army of the Texan garrison defending the Alamo in San Antonio. Americans big saying about it was "Remember the Alamo." The battle also raised more people to support the rebels. If the Battle of Alamo didn't happen, then many Americans would not have flocked to Texas to join the rebels and then soon gain independence from Mexico, thus not making the issue of annexation of the Union.

The westward movement split the plantation elite into two distinct groups: the traditional aristocrats of the Old South, whose families had gained their wealth from tobacco and rice, and the upstart capitalist inclined planters of the cotton states. If this wouldn't have occurred, then the elites might have taken over the whole South region, thus, slavery would have been very difficult to abolish at all, anywhere.