Dima Unit 4 1800-1848 Group 1

More people were involved with voting as voting rights became more loose. More people were allowed to vote if they were white and payed taxes. This changed the tradition of notable presidents. New parties came about and politics were changed. If this didn't happen, then Notable Presidents would have remained in office, and no parties would have came about in the new political time.

The expansion of the franchise dramatically symbolized the Democratic Revolution. By the 1830s, most states allowed nearly all white men to vote.

If suffrage in America had not expanded, then white men who did not own land or did not pay taxes could not vote, thus drastically changing the outcome of elections and the freedoms of Americans because voters would be limited to white wealthy landowners only.

The Second Bank of the United States was a national bank with multiple branches charted in 1816 for twenty years. Intended to help regulate the economy, the bank became a major issue in Andrew Jackson's reelection campaign in 1832, causing the Bank War.

If Henry Clay and Daniel Webster had not persuaded Nicholas Biddle to seek an early extension of the bank's charter, then Jackson would not have declared that Congress had no constitutional authority to charter a national bank, thus lessening the support for him by the Democrats, and not giving him such a dramatic win against his competitor, Henry Clay, in the election of 1832.

John Quincy Adams won the election of 1824 through what Jackson's supporters called a corrupt bargain. The corrupt bargain was the appointment by President John Quincy Adams of Henry Clay as his secretary of state, the traditional stepping-stone to the presidency. Clay had used his influence as Speaker of the House to elect Adams rather than Jackson in the election. Adams adopted the American System used by Clay.

If Adams had not become President, then the American System, which strengthened the Second Bank of the United States, would not have been in place, thus possibly diminishing the effects of the Panic of 1837.

The election of 1824 was where 5 republican candidates ran for the United States Presidency. They were soon narrowed down to Andrew Jackson and John Adams. John Adams did not receive the most votes but was still able to win. If John had not won the presidency then the House of Representatives would not have been used to determine the president, thus they would be determined by the popular vote.

This election was a bit different than the previous election in 1824. Candidates were now using newspapers and word of mouth to campaign for themselves. The amount of people that voted went up to about 50 percent. If this had not happened then there would have been no campaigning for the candidates, thus people would not be knowledgeable on them.

This is where the people adopted the idea of the Ordinance of Nullification. This is where the tariffs of 1832 and 1828 were voided and not followed. This angered Jefferson because he knew that the north would collapse if the tariffs were taken away. If the tariffs had not been lowered, then the states would still not abide by the tariffs, thus the government would have no control over people

Also known as a Tariff of Abominations, the Tariff of 1828 raised duties significantly on raw materials, textiles, and iron goods. Martin Van Buren hoped to win the support of farmers in New York, Ohio, and Kentucky with the tariff, but it enraged the South, which had no industries that needed tariff protection and resented the higher cost of imported duties goods.

If the tariff had not been passed during Adams' presidency, then the southerners who hated the tariff would not have heaped blame on President Adams, thus giving him a better chance at winning the election of 1828 against Jackson and changing the course of American Presidency in America.

Andrew Jackson used his popular mandate to transform the policies of the national government and the definition of presidency.

If Andrew Jackson had not become president, then the executive branch would not be as strong, the mercantilist and nationalist American System would not have been destroyed, and would not have established a new ideology of limited government, thus not for a laissez faire style government, and potentially giving more power to the federal government.

The Indian Removal Act of 1830 directed the mandatory relocation of eastern tribes to territory west of the Mississippi. Jackson insisted that his goal was to save the Indians and their culture. Indians resisted the controversial act, but in the end, most were forced to comply.

If Jackson had not passed the Indian Removal Act, thousands of Indians would not have been forced to leave their homelands and relocate west, thus eliminating the Trail of Tears, the westward journey of the Cherokees from their lands in Georgia to Oklahoma, in which nearly a quarter of the Cherokees died en route.

The Whig Party was the second national party that came about in the United States. They named it "Whigs" because of American and British parties that didn't like the actions/rules of the British kings. If this didn't happen then voters wouldn't have been able to have a "party" thus, the old way of voting would continue.

The Panic of 1837 was the first major economic crisis of the United States. Farmers and planters faced an abrupt 30% drop in world agricultural prices, and as farmers' income declined, they could not pay debts owed to stares and banks, many of which went bankrupt. It caused a severe depression that lasted until 1843.

If the Panic of 1837 had not happened, then the workers' movement would not have been thrown into disarray, thus allowing the goals of the Working Men's Party (such as abolition private banks and chartered monopolies, and the demand for universal education) to proceed much sooner and preventing future financial crisis like the Depression.

The Panic of 1837 was a panic that caused the nation to turn to turmoil. Unemployment had skyrocketed and the improvements to the transportation systems had been ceased. If this had not happened then the economy would have remained stable, thus people wouldnt have been homeless or jobless.

As part of Andrew Jackson's Indian removal policy, the Cherokee nation was forced to give up its lands east of the Mississippi River and to migrate to an area in present-day Oklahoma. The Cherokee people called this journey the "Trail of Tears," because of its devastating effects. The migrants faced hunger, disease, and exhaustion on the forced march. Over 4,000 out of 15,000 of the Cherokees died. This really showed what measures we would go to, just to have some more land. If this didn't happen, then the Indians still would have had their land, thus, less land for factories and homes.

1840, the Whigs organized a National Convention. The outcome was the Nomination of Harrison for President and John Tyler for Vice President. Henry Clay and Daniel Webster wanted a new type of President who would "rubber stamp" the programs of tariffs and the national bank. The Log Cabin Campaign was the first time parties competed for votes through different ways of campaigning. Some even held parades. If this new idea didn't happen then more men wouldn't have voted thus, Harrison wouldn't have been voted into Presidency.

The great rise in population in cities such as Philadelphia, New Orleans, and New York caused great changes in urban popular culture.

If the population had not risen in urban cities, then many young men and women would not have flocked to the cities in search of adventure and fortune, only to find a hard life. Thus not forcing young women, who were too proud to work as domestic servants or accept subsistence wages, to turn to prostitution and also changing the sexual freedom of young adults in America.

The Underground Railroad was an informal network of whites and free blacks in the South that assisted fugitive slaves reach freedom. It a tactic used by the American Anti-Slavery Society to free slaves.

If the Underground Railroad had not existed, then thousands of enslaved blacks would not have escaped, thus allowing more blacks to suffer brutal treatment by harsh slaveowners and lessening the number of free blacks in the North who could support the Anti-Slavery Society.

This was founded by John Humphrey Noyes. He believed that all residents were married to each other. If this had not been created then the residents would not have followed the morals of before, thus adultery would probably have increased.

Americans began feeling unhappy about how their lives were. They wanted more and sought for more. They began creating new groups such as the shakers and the fourierists. If this had not happened then utopias may have not been created, thus they would not have sought for land rights.

Thousands of Americans grew dissatisfied with life in America's emerging market society and retreated into rural areas of the Northeast and Midwest. There they sought to create idea communities know as utopias, that would allow people to live differently and realize their spiritual potential. If this would not have happened, then thousands of people wouldn't have poured into the cities of the United States, thus, sexual norms, reinforced traditional racist feelings, and encouraged new styles of dress and behavior wouldn't have happened.

The abolitionist crusade of the 1830s drew on the religious enthusiasm of the Second Great Awakening. It was a movement to end slavery, whether formal or informal. In Western European and America, abolitionism was a historical movement to end the African and Indian slave trade and set slaves free. If this wouldn't have came about, then rebellions wouldn't have happened, thus slavery would continue.

"The Book of Mormon" was published by Joseph Smith. He describes the special revelation of divine truth which he believed God had singled him out to receive. It was the birth of Mormonism.

If the "Book of Mormon" had not been published, then mormonism would not have developed, along with many anti-mormons who criticized the religion for its use of of polygamy, thus not condemning their practice to the territory of Utah which was forced the "forever" ban the practice of polygamy to become part of the Union.

This was where people created plays in theatres to practice racism. If this had not taken place then racism may have been a little less of an issue, thus african americans would not have been looked down at.

Nat Turner was a slave in Virginia who created a major slave revolt. He was a slave, but had taught himself how to read and write. He created a revolt and killed 55 people including men, women and children. If this had not happened then slaves would have been able to learn to read and write still and it would not have created slave owners to become scared of blacks, thus the american anti slavery would not have been created either.

Transcendentalism was an idealistic philosophical and social movement that developed in New England around 1832 in reaction to rationalism. Influenced by romanticism, Platonism, and Kantian philosophy, it taught that divinity pervades all nature and humanity, and its members held progressive views on feminism and communal living. Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau were central figures. If this didn't happen, then Emerson wouldn't have been so influenced to write and be so open on his views, thus, less people would have been influenced by him to write.

The Gag Rule was a procedure in the House of Representatives by which antislavery petitions were automatically tabled when they were received so that they could not become subject of debate.

If the gag rule did not exist, the the House would have been forced to discuss topics related to slavery sooner and make decisions regarding the future of slaves, thus quickly the process of emancipation and making the acts of the American Anti-Slavery Society more effective.

Motives pertaining to financially irresponsible husbands, property rights, etc. prompted legislatures in Mississippi, Maine, and Massachusetts. Then women activists in New York won a comprehensive statute that became the model for fourteen other states. The New York statute of 1848 gave women full legal control over the property they brought to a marriage. If this didn't happen, then women wouldn't have a say in laws and regulations, thus, men would have more power in politics and social life.

The American Renaissance was a literary explosion during the 1840s inspired in part by Emerson's ideas on the liberation of the individual.

If the American Renaissance had not happened, then the idea of transcendentalism would not have spread throughout the country and inspired authors like Margaret Fuller to write her book, "Woman in the Nineteenth Century", thus lessening the inspiration and impact of women writers and reformers who fought for women's rights in America.

Dorothea Dix began a national movement to establish state asylums for the mentally ill.

If Dorothea Dix had not worked to create better insane asylums and prisons, then not only would many patients and criminals have had to suffer through extremely harsh conditions, but other women reformers and teacher would not have been inspired to take a stance in the workplace, thus not allowing for as great of a representation of women in education.

The Seneca Falls Convention was the first women's rights convention in the United States. It resulted in a manifesto extending to women the egalitarian republican ideology of the Declaration of Independence.

If the Seneca Falls Convention had not happened, then the women's rights movement would not have grown as quickly in strength and purpose, thus delaying the proposition of laws that allowed married women to institute lawsuits, testify in court, and assume custody of their children in the event of divorce or a husband's death. Susan B. Anthony was an important advocate for women's rights. She secured a New York law granting women the right to control their own wages; to won property; and, if widowed, to assume sole guardianship of their children.

This is where southerners began dressing and acting with more class. If this had not happened then there would not have been a separation in class, thus there would not be a lower and upper class.

By 1840, gradual emancipation laws had virtually ended bound labor in the North.

If blacks had not been free in the North, then men like Benjamin Banneker, Paul Cuffee, and Joshua Johnson (there were among the very few successful black men during this time) would not have have influenced the development of schools, mutual-benefit organizations, and fellowship groups which supported African Americans, thus not giving blacks a measure of cultural autonomy and keeping them as "slaves in the midsts of freedom".

The cotton boom in America increased the need for slaves during a time when the supply of slaves limited due to the banning of the Atlantic Slave Trade.

If the cotton boom had been extremely profitable for planters, then thousands of slaves would not have been bought from the Upper South and transported to the Deep/Cotton South, thus not separating blacks from their families and creating a new branch of Southern Aristocracy in the form of Cotton Entrepreneurs.

The Domestic Slave Trade emerged when the Atlantic Slave Trade was outlawed by congress. Slaves were transported across the country and were also inherited through generations due to the fact that they had no legal rights and were considered property.

If the Domestic Slave Trade had not happened, then thousands of slaves would not have been forced to leave their family behind and migrate across the country, thus resulting in a less dominant African-American culture because the blacks from many states would not have mingled and erased regional differences.

In 1807, Congress outlawed the Atlantic Slave Trade which was many southern planters main source of acquiring slave labor.

If the Atlantic Slave Trade had not been outlawed, then southern planters would have continued buying slaves from across the Atlantic, thus not allowing for the formation of domestic slave trade in America such as the coastal trade and the inland system.

The Alabama Constitution of 1819 granted suffrage to all white men; it also provided for a secret ballot,rather than voice-voting; apportionment of legislative seats based on population; and the election of county supervisors, sheriffs, and clerks of court. If this wouldn't have happened, then people would be pressured to vote as others did, thus, the correct decision on taxation policy's, etc. wouldn't have been possible.

The Alabama Constitution of 1819 granted suffrage to all white men, thus diminishing the power held by the planter aristocrats.

If the Alabama Constitution of 1819 had not been adopted, then the planter aristocrats would have held almost all the power in the state, thus not allowing taxation on slaves and causing an even more deprived life for poor freemen because they would face the consequences of not having taxes on slaves.

The north was not nearly the supporter of slavery as the south was. This resulted in many slaves being freed in the north causing them to take low skilled jobs. If this had not happened then africans would not have been free, thus they would not have claimed the unskilled jobs.

Gang-labor systems were systems of work discipline used on southern cotton plantations in the mid-nineteenth century in which white overseerers or black drivers supervised gangs of enslaved laborers to achieve greater productivity. Slaves no longer had any free time and were banned from growing their own crops.

If the gang-labor system had not been adopted, then the task system would have been more universal among slaves in America, thus allowing slaves to grow their own crops and live a happier lifestyle thus lessening the number of slave uprisings and passive aggressive acts.

There were many different thoughts on Mexico. If this had not happened then there would not be disagreements over texas and mexicans and americans would not dislike each other.

Many masters believed they were benevolent masters committed to black and white families. A few of these masters took it upon themselves to treat slaves that were loyal to them with great amounts of respect. They believed that the only slaves they sold were slaves without worth to anyone else and were not loyal. If this had not happened slaves may have tried to escape more often, thus rebelling more often.

Southern apologists in the 1830s argued that the institution was a positive good because it subsidized an elegant lifestyle for a white elite and provided tutelage for genetically inferior Africans. If this would have not happened, then more people would doubt slavery, thus, slavery might have been abolished sooner.

The South was a society in which the institution of slavery affected all aspects of life. Most white southerners didn't own slaves though. Slave society was basically a society where the fundamental class conflict is based on the division of people into masters and slaves, with slaves being the dominant producing class, and ownership over this complete commodification of the human being controlled by masters. If this wouldn't have happened the South wouldn't have had direct contact with slaves, thus, less debates over the morals of slavery would have happened.

The Alamo was the 1836 defeat by the Mexican army of the Texan garrison defending the Alamo in San Antonio. Newspapers urged Americans to "Remember the Alamo," and American adventurers lured by fifers of land grants, flocked to Texas to join the rebels.

Had the Battle of Alamo not occurred, then many Americans would not have flocked to Texas to join the rebels and eventually gain independence for Texas from Mexico, thus not creating the issue of annexation of the territory to the Union due to the possibility of a civil war.

The westward movement split the plantation elite into two distinct groups: the traditional aristocrats of the Old South, whose families had gained their wealth from tobacco and rice, and the upstart capitalist inclined planters of the cotton states. If this wouldn't have occurred, then the elites might have taken over the whole South region, thus, slavery would have been very difficult to abolish at all, anywhere.