1603 - 1642

A list of requests given to James by the Puritans in 1603 when he was travelling to London to claim the English throne.
Thought to have had around 1,000 signatures.

Lasted three days with three meetings.
Conference between King James and representatives of the Church of England, including leading English Puritans.
Discussed the Puritan complaints that had been outlined in the millenary petition.

13 Catholics, led by Catesby, plotted to blow up the House of Lords during the opening ceremony of Parliament in an attempt to assassinate King James.
The reason for the plot was that many Catholics had hoped for greater religious tolerance under James, but were left disappointed.
The Plot was discovered on 4 November after the plot was revealed in a letter to William Parker and Fawkes was found guarded 36 barrels of gunpowder under Parliament.
Significance: fuelled anti-Catholic feeling in England.

After 3 Catholic attempts of assassination against James, he sanctioned stricter measures to oppress them.
This Act meant every citizens had to take an Oath of Allegiance, which stated the King's supremacy over the Pope.

Stated that any royal or church land that had been alienated since 1540 was to be taken back by the Crown. This alarmed much of the nobility and made relations with the Scottish kirk even more difficult.

Wanted to impose uniformity in the Church of England.
Was described as autocratic in his role and wanted to tightly impose rituals, which is why he was executed in 1645.

New Bible was used in Scotland for the first time. It was highly unpopular and lead to riots, including a woman called Jenny Geddes throwing a stool at a ministers' head.
Significance: led to the National Covenant being drafted.

After Charles' religious reforms, the National Covenant was drafted. This was a Presbyterian agreement between the Scottish people and God. Thousands of common people had signed it within days.
The reason for its signing was that many Scots feared that Charles' religious reforms, such as the new prayer book, were popish.
Significance: it led to the first bishops' war, as Charles marched an army north to face the Covenanter army.

Charles marches a weak army north to face the Covenanter army, who have captured Newcastle due to Charles' religious policies. Supplies of coal are cut-off from Newcastle to London. Charles is forced to negotiate and agree to pay large expenses to the Scots, so he is forced to call his first Parliament in 11 years to finance the settlement.
Significance: Charles has to call a Parliament (The Long Parliament) which attacks his government until it is dissolved in 1648. Poor relations between Parliament and King eventually lead to the English Civil War.

Began when Catholics in Ireland feared an invasion from the Long Parliament and the Covenanters. Catholics tried to seize control of the English administration in Ireland in order to force through Catholic concessions, but failed.
Significance: turned into an ethnic conflict between the Irish Catholics and the English and Scottish Protestant settlers.

James I ended the 20-year war with Spain, which greatly eased England's near bankrupt state.
Significance: Spain and England were at peace for the next 50 years.

Significance: it was through Elizabeth's descendants that the House of Hanover came to inherit the English throne.

The Duke of Buckingham wished to make an attack on Spain with Dutch forces, including taking over many Spanish treasure ships.
Buckingham wished to attack Spain successfully because it would return respect for the country after the political disruption of the past few years.
However, the expedition was unsuccessful as stormy weather delayed vessels and Cadiz was too well protected to attack.

She was a French Catholic.
Significance: the marriage was highly unpopular with both Parliament and Protestants.

Became a major sugar plantation which gave a great boost to the British economy by using slaves from West Africa.

Part of the Thirty Years War.
Mostly involved battle at sea, including the events at La Rochelle.

Charles sent an army, under the command of the Duke of Buckingham, to La Rochelle in France in order to help the French Protestants there, who were being supressed by Catholic figures.
A year later, when Buckingham attempt an attack again, he was stabbed by a former soldier in Plymouth.