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Development of Physical Education
Development of Physical Education
German, Swedish, and English influence in physical education reach America
English immigrants introduce sports and games
1800
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Their system focused on the development of morals through participation in sports and games
German immigrants integrate Turner Societies
1800
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Turner Societies advocated gymnastics training. This included mostly gymnastics that used parallel and horizontal bars and the side horse.
Swedish immigrants promote exercise
1800
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Their form of exercise used light equipment such as wands and climbing ropes, to promote general health
The Round Hill School becomes the first school to integrate physical education
1823
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Charles Beck, an immigrant, is the first physical education teacher in America.
Cincinnati, Ohio offers physical education in public school curriculum
1855
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They are the first public schools to offer physical education in the curriculum
Battle of the Systems
regarded which system of physical education was the best to use in schools. 1855-1900
John Dewey leads education reforms
1890
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His reforms bring the "3 R's" that include physical education in curriculum
Normal Schools established
1890
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"normal schools" are established to teach physical education teachers
Sports win out as the main focus in the "Battle of the Systems"
1920
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Charles Mcloy introduces testing of motor skills
1927
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Mcloy introduces the testing of motor skills to the physical education system
"The New Physical Education" by Wood and Rosalind Cassidy is published
1927
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their research advocates "education through the physical"
Steady growth of physical education in schools
1900-1950's
Many states pass legislation requiring physical education in schools
1920
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Dr Hans Kraus links health problems& pains in American youth to lack of exercise
1938
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This research leads to his report with Weber on the fitness of youth internationally
Curriculum shifts during times of war
1941
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curriculum shifts from games and sports to physical conditioning
Kraus-Weber report shifts curriculum again
1953
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Curriculum shifts again to focus upon physical conditioning when a national report finds that American students are less fit than their English counterparts
President's Council on Physical Fitness established
1955
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established as a result of the Kraus-Weber report in an effort to turn around the fitness of America's youth
Recent promotion of physical activity
Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans enacted
2008
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guidelines developed to help Americans attain better fitness and overall health
Carol M. White Physical Education Program is created
2011
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This program provides grants to enhance and create better physical education programs in communities
Presidential Youth Fitness Program is begun
2012
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this program replaces the old presidential fitness test.
Michelle Obama kickstarts the Let's Move! campaign to fight childhood obesity
2013
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Sponsors of the Let's Move! campaign donate millions to promote PE
February 2013
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NIKE, Inc., the GENYOUth Foundation, ChildObesity180, Kaiser Permanente, and the General Mills Foundation all donate millions towards the campaign