India and China past to present

need for civil servant brings back the civil service exams
confucian values lead to disrupted trade
and are at odds with despotism

no clear relations, still a modern topic of debate

earthquake 1556
little ice age
population decline by 10 of millions
shrinking tax base

A catholic Jesuit
accepted by Ming as a foreign literati
strong in math and science
wrote journals about Ming from western perspective

expansionist policies
treasure fleet
forbidden city
war in korea
and silver shortage

Jurchen leader unified the Manchus
Peasant army toppled Beijing
the unpaid army abandoned the city
peasant leader died
Manchus took control

Manchus return stability
blending Chinese culture and Manchu military
expand the empire
confucian conservatism

trade restricted to Canton
Europeans face higher tarifs and more rules
colonies and controled trade

Tea, porcelain, silk <-> SILVER

sent to negotiate trade agreement
seen by Emperor as tribute mission

used to balance trade
200 chests 1729
4574 chests 1800
40000 chests 1838

2-10M addicts
massive silver outflow

concubine to Emperor
gave birth to Tongzhi
regent queen

British parliament declares war on China
China's navy is inadequate

Cohongs abolished
5 new treaty ports
Hong Kong given in perpetuity
21M Indemnity
Extraterritoriality

Hung Hsu-Chuan
failed civil service exam
forms "celestial kingdom of peace" Taiping
20,000 followers by 1850
anti confucian, manchu, opium, gambling
falls to GB, France, and Qing in 1864
20-30M die

GB and France

more treaty ports
opium sales legalized
foreigners in Beijing

division of China
spheres of Influence
80 treaty ports
99 year lease on "New Territories"
"slowly drifting until she is dashed to pieces on the shore"

"practical knowledge mixed with Chinese mentality"
started by Cixi
canceled due to ideas of democracy

from field to factory in 40 years
highly successful
westernized model of modernization

US supports CKS instead of CCP
relations tarnished by opium trade

by Cixi
seen as excessive spending

fought over and in Korea

china ceded Taiwan and hegemony over Korea
4 new treaty ports
loss of face

Guangxu attempted to reform China
reforms of:
civil service exams
vocational schools
wester military and legal system
communications and postal system
institute constitutional monarchy

declared insane by CIxi
removed from throne and placed under house arrest

cancel civil service exams
execute leaders
no weapons to be imported
fined 450M taels of silver ($335M)

Society of Righteous Harmony 1889
attacking foreigners
killed 250 in 1900
others flee to British legation
under siege from June to Aug 1900
Cixi backs boxers

Cixi places Puyi on throne then dies

China divided and abused by warlords

forced to flee the country
china left with warlords
KMT reduced to rule only Nanjing

treaty of Versailles
shandong to Japanese
protesting for a central government
modern protest

KMT CCP and Warlords
followed by "bloody double cross' by KMT

KMT in control
Ching Kai Shek in charge
"Asian George Washington"

6000 mile long retreat of CCP
100000 begin 7000 survive
won the hearts of peasants
new generation of leaders
Mao Tse Tung emerges as sole leader of CCP

KMT and CCP agree to fight Japan

KMT controlled urban
CCP controlled rural
KMT retreats to Taiwan

Established PRC
CCP, Government, PLA (people's liberation army)
5 year plans
land reform
struggle sessions

US 45000 dead
NK 600000
SK 400000
China 700000-900000

use agricultural surplus to build industry
success of early collectives

300,000 branded as "rightists"
"better red than expert'

catch up to England is 15 years
super sized comunes
backyard furnaces
FAILURE
1958 grain and steel production plummets
375M tons of grain reported
215M tons produces
large famine
20M deaths

Deng Xiaoping in control
Mao becomes figurehead

Pragmatist Deng Xiaoping in charge
Cult of Mao
attack "capitalist roadsters"
leftists back in power
Red Guards sent to countryside

US realized that China is anti-russian

"There is only one China of which Taiwan is a part"

Mao Dies
Fall of the Gang of Four
Jiang Qing and 3 other untra-leftists
unsure of who has Guanxi

Economic pragmatist and social conservative
Rebuilds China after GLF
Socialism with Chinese Characteristics
welcomes foreign investors
GDP per capita up 400%
"to get rich is glorious"
strong believer in party control

4/21 100,000 morn in sqare for Hu Yaohang
upcoming Gorbachev visit
4/23 students boycott classes
5/4 journalists protest
5/13 "hunger strike"
5/15 Gorbachev arrives
5/18 1 million people march
students demanding:
-publish government salaries
-increased money for education
-freedom of press
"Soviet Union has Gorbachev. Who does China have?"
"Gorbachev 58; Deng 85"
"Deng your health may be good, but is your brain"

"clear the square"
300-3000 dead
1000 arrested
leads to international condemnation